{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T10:19:40Z","timestamp":1786443580097,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]],"date-time":"2022-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TropicalMed"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Due to the rapid evolution of the monkeypox virus, the means by which the monkeypox virus is spread is subject to change. Therefore, the present study aims to analyze the detection of the monkeypox virus according to the collection site of samples from confirmed monkeypox cases. A systematic literature review was performed using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases until 5 October 2022. A total of 1022 articles were retrieved using the search strategy. After removing duplicates (n = 566) and examining by title, abstract, and full text, 65 studies reporting monkeypox case reports were included with a detailed description of risk factors, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), site of monkeypox virus-positive specimens, location of skin lesions, and diagnostic test. A total of 4537 confirmed monkeypox cases have been reported, of which 98.72% of the cases were male with a mean age of 36 years, 95.72% had a sexual behavior of being men who have sex with men, and 28.1% had human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The most frequent locations of lesions in patients diagnosed with monkeypox were: 42.85% on the genitalia and 37.1% in the perianal region. All confirmed monkeypox cases were diagnosed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and the most frequent locations of samples collected for diagnosis that tested positive for monkeypox virus were: 91.85% from skin lesions, 20.81% from the oropharynx, 3.19% from blood, and 2.43% from seminal fluid. The disease course of the cases with monkeypox was asynchronous, with no severe complications, and most patients did not report specific treatment but simply followed a symptomatic treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed8010004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T03:02:15Z","timestamp":1671764535000},"page":"4","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Detection of Monkeypox Virus according to The Collection Site of Samples from Confirmed Cases: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7267-0204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Darwin A.","family":"Le\u00f3n-Figueroa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad de San Mart\u00edn de Porres, Chiclayo 15011, Peru"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Atenci\u00f3n Primaria en Salud, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2896-1407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshuan J.","family":"Barboza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vicerrectorado de Investigaci\u00f3n, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima 15046, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hortencia M.","family":"Salda\u00f1a-Cumpa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad de San Mart\u00edn de Porres, Chiclayo 15011, Peru"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Atenci\u00f3n Primaria en Salud, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilly","family":"Moreno-Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima 13008, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. Katterine","family":"Bonilla-Aldana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit, Universidad Continental, Huancayo 12000, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario J.","family":"Valladares-Garrido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad de San Mart\u00edn de Porres, Chiclayo 15011, Peru"},{"name":"Oficina de Epidemiolog\u00eda, Hospital Regional Lambayeque, Chiclayo 14012, Peru"},{"name":"Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cesar Vallejo, Piura 20002, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2695-8714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ranjit","family":"Sah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal"},{"name":"Dr. D.Y Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Center, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune 411018, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9773-2192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfonso J.","family":"Rodriguez-Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundacion Universitaria Autonoma de las Americas, Pereira 660001, Risaralda, Colombia"},{"name":"Latin American Network of Monkeypox Virus Research (LAMOVI), Pereira 660003, Risaralda, Colombia"},{"name":"Master of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Universidad Cientifica del Sur, Lima 15067, Peru"},{"name":"Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ilic, I., Zivanovic Macuzic, I., and Ilic, M. 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