{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T07:30:56Z","timestamp":1785310256530,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,28]],"date-time":"2022-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672185600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["32161143036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32161143036"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2021YFC2300800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC2300800"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2021YFC2300804"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC2300804"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2022FY100900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022FY100900"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2022FY100904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022FY100904"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["62261160387"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62261160387"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["32161143036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32161143036"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2021YFC2300800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC2300800"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2021YFC2300804"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC2300804"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2022FY100900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022FY100900"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2022FY100904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022FY100904"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["62261160387"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62261160387"]}]},{"name":"Science &amp; Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation","award":["32161143036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32161143036"]}]},{"name":"Science &amp; Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation","award":["2021YFC2300800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC2300800"]}]},{"name":"Science &amp; Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation","award":["2021YFC2300804"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC2300804"]}]},{"name":"Science &amp; Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation","award":["2022FY100900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022FY100900"]}]},{"name":"Science &amp; Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation","award":["2022FY100904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022FY100904"]}]},{"name":"Science &amp; Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation","award":["62261160387"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62261160387"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["32161143036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32161143036"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["2021YFC2300800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC2300800"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["2021YFC2300804"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC2300804"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["2022FY100900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022FY100900"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["2022FY100904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022FY100904"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["62261160387"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62261160387"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TropicalMed"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma japonicum is one of the major neglected tropical diseases worldwide. The snail Oncomelania hupensis is the only intermediate host of S. japonicum, which is recognized as an indicator of the schistosomias occurrence. In order to evaluate the risk of schistosomiasis in China, this work investigate the potential geographical distribution of host snail habitus by developing an ensemble ecological niche model with reference to the suitable environmental factors. The historical records of snail habitus were collected form the national schistosomiasis surveillance program from the year of 2005 to 2014. A total of 25 environmental factors in terms of the climate, geographic, and socioeconomic determinants of snail habitats were collected and geographically coded with reference to the snail data. Based on the correlations among snail habitats and the geographically associated environmental factors, an ensemble ecological niche model was developed by integrating ten standard models, aiming for improving the predictive accuracy. Three indexes are used for model performance evaluation, including receiver operating characteristic curves, kappa statistics, and true skill statistics. The model was used for mapping the risk of schistosomiasis in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The results have shown that the predicted risk areas were classified into low risk (4.55%), medium risk (2.01%), and high risk areas (4.40%), accounting for 10.96% of the land area of China. This study demonstrated that the developed ensemble ecological niche models was an effective tool for evaluating the risk of schistosomiasis, particularly for the endemic regions, which were not covered by the national schistosomiasis control program.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed8010024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,29]],"date-time":"2022-12-29T02:54:42Z","timestamp":1672282482000},"page":"24","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Transmission Risk Predicting for Schistosomiasis in Mainland China by Exploring Ensemble Ecological Niche Modeling"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Jingbo","family":"Xue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China"},{"name":"School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaokang","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuwan","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanfeng","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liangyu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shan","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China"},{"name":"School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3172-5218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shizhu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China"},{"name":"School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China"},{"name":"Hainan Sub-Center of Chinese Center for Tropical Disease Research, Hainan Tropical Diseases Research Center, Haikou 571199, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shang","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China"},{"name":"School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China"},{"name":"Hainan Sub-Center of Chinese Center for Tropical Disease Research, Hainan Tropical Diseases Research Center, Haikou 571199, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra064142","article-title":"Control of neglected tropical diseases","volume":"357","author":"Hotez","year":"2007","journal-title":"N. 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