{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T23:06:06Z","timestamp":1793142366404,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]],"date-time":"2023-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"U.S. National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI130126"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI130126"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Paul R. Stalnaker endowment at the University of Texas Medical Branch","award":["AI130126"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI130126"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TropicalMed"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ethiopia is among the countries with a high leishmaniasis burden. In this retrospective review, we aimed to determine hematological and clinical features associated with initial poor treatment outcomes of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) patients. The majority of VL cases in this study had leucopenia (94.3%), thrombocytopenia (87.1%), and anemia (85.9%). HIV coinfection was present in 7.0% (n = 23) of VL cases. At the center, VL patients without HIV coinfection were treated with sodium stibogluconate and paromomycin combination, whereas HIV coinfected cases were treated with AmBisome and miltefosine combination therapy. End-of-treatment cure rates among HIV-positive and HIV-negative visceral leishmaniasis cases, respectively, were 52.2% and 96.9%. Case fatality rates were 34.8% and 2.7% in HIV-positive and HIV-negative cases, respectively. Overall, non-survivors in this study were more likely to have HIV (55.0% vs. 4.1%, p &lt; 0.001), sepsis (15.0% vs. 1.4%, p = 0.019), and dyspnea (40.0% vs. 2.7%, p &lt; 0.001) at admission. In this regard, particular attention to the management of superimposed disease conditions at admission, including sepsis, HIV, and dyspnea, is needed to improve VL patients\u2019 treatment outcomes. The inadequacy of the current treatments, i.e., AmBisome and miltefosine combination therapy, for HIV coinfected visceral leishmaniasis patients requires further attention as it calls for new treatment modalities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed8010036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]],"date-time":"2023-01-05T02:00:57Z","timestamp":1672884057000},"page":"36","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Hematological and Clinical Features Associated with Initial Poor Treatment Outcomes in Visceral Leishmaniasis Patients with and without HIV Coinfection in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Muluneh","family":"Ademe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 9086, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaneth","family":"Osorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Route 0435, Galveston, TX 77555, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rawliegh","family":"Howe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aramuer Hanson Research Institute (AHRI), Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1005, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saba","family":"Atnafu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leishmaniasis Research and Treatment Center, University of Gondar, Gondar P.O. Box 196, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tadele","family":"Mulaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leishmaniasis Research and Treatment Center, University of Gondar, Gondar P.O. Box 196, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helina","family":"Fikre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leishmaniasis Research and Treatment Center, University of Gondar, Gondar P.O. Box 196, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno L.","family":"Travi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Route 0435, Galveston, TX 77555, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asrat","family":"Hailu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 9086, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter C.","family":"Melby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Route 0435, Galveston, TX 77555, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamrat","family":"Abebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 9086, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3","DOI":"10.35500\/jghs.2020.2.e3","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis: A global overview","volume":"2","author":"Wamai","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Glob. 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