{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T18:20:28Z","timestamp":1780338028026,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,7]],"date-time":"2023-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81860362"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81860362"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TropicalMed"],"abstract":"<jats:p>As a zoonotic disease caused by Echinococcus multilocularis larvae, alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is one of the most severe forms of parasitic infection. Over a long evolutional process E. multilocularis has developed complex strategies to escape host immune attack and survive within a host. However, the mechanisms underlying immune evasion remain unclear. Here we investigated the binding activity of E. multilocularis calreticulin (EmCRT), a highly conserved Ca2+-binding protein, to human complement C1q and its ability to inhibit classical complement activation. ELISA, Far Western blotting and immunoprecipitation results demonstrated that both recombinant and natural EmCRTs bound to human C1q, and the interaction of recombinant EmCRT (rEmCRT) inhibited C1q binding to IgM. Consequently, rEmCRT inhibited classical complement activation manifested as decreasing C4\/C3 depositions and antibody-sensitized cell lysis. Moreover, rEmCRT binding to C1q suppressed C1q binding to human mast cell, HMC-1, resulting in reduced C1q-induced mast cell chemotaxis. According to these results, E. multilocularis expresses EmCRT to interfere with C1q-mediated complement activation and C1q-dependent non-complement activation of immune cells, possibly as an immune evasion strategy of the parasite in the host.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed8010047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]],"date-time":"2023-01-09T04:47:08Z","timestamp":1673239628000},"page":"47","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Echinococcus multilocularis Calreticulin Interferes with C1q-Mediated Complement Activation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Siqi","family":"Xian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lujuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianfang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guixia","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxiao","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6884-9452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bin","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanhai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitology Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Limei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.1997.tb01082.x","article-title":"Echinococcosis","volume":"7","author":"Taratuto","year":"1997","journal-title":"Brain Pathol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Torgerson, P.R., Keller, K., Magnotta, M., and Ragland, N. 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