{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T10:41:58Z","timestamp":1787740918445,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]],"date-time":"2023-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Consejer\u00eda de Salud, Junta de Andaluc\u00eda","award":["CB21\/13\/00006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CB21\/13\/00006"]}]},{"name":"Consejer\u00eda de Salud, Junta de Andaluc\u00eda","award":["CIBERINFEC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIBERINFEC"]}]},{"name":"CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas","award":["CB21\/13\/00006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CB21\/13\/00006"]}]},{"name":"CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas","award":["CIBERINFEC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIBERINFEC"]}]},{"name":"European Development Regional Fund","award":["CB21\/13\/00006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CB21\/13\/00006"]}]},{"name":"European Development Regional Fund","award":["CIBERINFEC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIBERINFEC"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TropicalMed"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In 2019, the biggest listeriosis outbreak by Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) in the South of Spain was reported, resulting in the death of three patients from 207 confirmed cases. One strain, belonging to clonal complex 388 (Lm CC388), has been isolated. We aimed to determine the Lm CC388 virulence in comparison with other highly virulent clones such as Lm CC1 and Lm CC4, in vitro and in vivo. Four L. monocytogenes strains (Lm CC388, Lm CC1, Lm CC4 and ATCC 19115) were used. Attachment to human lung epithelial cells (A549 cells) by these strains was characterized by adherence and invasion assays. Their cytotoxicities to A549 cells were evaluated by determining the cells viability. Their hemolysis activity was determined also. A murine intravenous infection model using these was performed to determine the concentration of bacteria in tissues and blood. Lm CC388 interaction with A549 cells is non-significantly higher than that of ATCC 19115 and Lm CC1, and lower than that of Lm CC4. Lm CC388 cytotoxicity is higher than that of ATCC 19115 and Lm CC1, and lower than that of Lm CC4. Moreover, Lm CC388 hemolysis activity is lower than that of the Lm CC4 strain, and higher than that of Lm CC1. Finally, in the murine intravenous infection model by Lm CC388, higher bacterial loads in tissues and at similar levels of Lm CC4 were observed. Although a lower rate of mortality of patients during the listeriosis outbreak in Spain in 2019 has been reported, the Lm CC388 strain has shown a greater or similar pathogenicity level in vitro and in an animal model, like Lm CC1 and Lm CC4.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed8010058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]],"date-time":"2023-01-12T03:11:02Z","timestamp":1673493062000},"page":"58","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["In Vitro and In Vivo Virulence Study of Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from the Andalusian Outbreak in 2019"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Andrea Vila","family":"Dom\u00ednguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio\/CSIC\/University of Seville, 41013 Sevilla, Spain"},{"name":"Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Parasitology, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio\/CSIC\/University of Seville, 41013 Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6400-0830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta Carretero","family":"Ledesma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio\/CSIC\/University of Seville, 41013 Sevilla, Spain"},{"name":"Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Parasitology, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio\/CSIC\/University of Seville, 41013 Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen Infante","family":"Dom\u00ednguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio\/CSIC\/University of Seville, 41013 Sevilla, Spain"},{"name":"Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Parasitology, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio\/CSIC\/University of Seville, 41013 Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5001-672X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Miguel","family":"Cisneros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio\/CSIC\/University of Seville, 41013 Sevilla, Spain"},{"name":"Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Parasitology, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio\/CSIC\/University of Seville, 41013 Sevilla, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28222 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3635-4930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose A.","family":"Lepe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio\/CSIC\/University of Seville, 41013 Sevilla, Spain"},{"name":"Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Parasitology, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio\/CSIC\/University of Seville, 41013 Sevilla, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28222 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9302-8384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Younes","family":"Smani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio\/CSIC\/University of Seville, 41013 Sevilla, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28222 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, Andalusian Center of Developmental Biology, CSIC, University of Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2509","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2021.1975526","article-title":"Pathogenicity and virulence of Listeria monocytogenes: A trip from environmental to medical microbiology","volume":"12","author":"Quereda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2020.02.001","article-title":"Current aspects of listeriosis","volume":"154","author":"Lepe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. 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