{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:15:52Z","timestamp":1792790152355,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,27]],"date-time":"2023-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000193","name":"the International Development Research Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["grant 109075-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant 109075-001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000193","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000193","name":"the International Development Research Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["grant BIO-2019-005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant BIO-2019-005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000193","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Canadian Department of Global Affairs","award":["grant 109075-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant 109075-001"]}]},{"name":"the Canadian Department of Global Affairs","award":["grant BIO-2019-005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant BIO-2019-005"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TropicalMed"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The mosquito-borne disease caused by the Rift Valley Fever Virus (RVFV) is a viral hemorrhagic fever that affects humans and animals. In 1987, RVFV emerged in Mauritania, which caused the first RVFV outbreak in West Africa. This outbreak was shortly followed by reported cases in humans and livestock in Senegal. Animal trade practices with neighboring Mauritania suggest northern regions of Senegal are at high risk for RVF. In this study, we aim to conduct a molecular and serological survey of RVFV in humans and livestock in Agnam (northeastern Senegal) by RT-PCR (reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction) and ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay), respectively. Of the two hundred fifty-five human sera, one (0.39%) tested RVFV IgM positive, while fifty-three (20.78%) tested positive for RVFV IgG. For animal monitoring, out of 30 sheep recorded and sampled over the study period, 20 (66.67%) showed seroconversion to RVFV IgG antibodies, notably during the rainy season. The presence of antibodies increased significantly with age in both groups (p &lt; 0.05), as the force of RVF infection (FOI), increased by 16.05% per year for humans and by 80.4% per month for livestock sheep. This study supports the usefulness of setting up a One Health survey for RVF management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed8020087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]],"date-time":"2023-01-30T11:19:53Z","timestamp":1675077593000},"page":"87","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Human and Livestock Surveillance Revealed the Circulation of Rift Valley Fever Virus in Agnam, Northern Senegal, 2021"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8892-3904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moufid","family":"Mhamadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 12900, Senegal"},{"name":"Parasitology Department, Universit\u00e9 Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar 10700, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aminata","family":"Badji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Zoology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 12900, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mamadou Aliou","family":"Barry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Data Science Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 12900, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5007-0723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"El Hadji","family":"Ndiaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Zoology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 12900, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alioune","family":"Gaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Zoology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 12900, 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Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathioro","family":"Fall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Livestock and Animal Production, Dakar 12900, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andy Mahine","family":"Diouf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 12900, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samba Niang","family":"Sagne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Data Science Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 12900, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9582-4197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheikh","family":"Loucoubar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Data Science Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 12900, 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