{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,5]],"date-time":"2026-04-05T01:13:50Z","timestamp":1775351630723,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]],"date-time":"2023-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior-Brazil","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TropicalMed"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tungiasis is a neglected disease caused by the sand flea Tunga penetrans, and dogs are considered the main reservoirs in Brazil. This study aimed to identify the role of dogs as tungiasis dispersers and to investigate the presence of T. penetrans in the soil of an endemic tourist area. Nine dogs infected by T. penetrans were included in this study and received GPS collars to analyze their movement through the village. Duplicate sand samples were collected in different areas of the community. Those areas were classified as peridomicile (n = 110), open area (n = 110), beach (n = 50), and river (n = 58). The analysis of the points recorded by the collars showed that the dogs roamed throughout the community, potentially facilitating the spread of the disease. Samples contaminated with developmental forms of the parasite were found in the circulation area of three dogs. Adult fleas were found in 3\/328 samples. These data emphasize that infected dogs\u2019 roaming can influence the fleas\u2019 dispersion in the soil. Statistically, none of the study variables had a significant correlation (p &gt; 0.5) with the presence of T. penetrans in the area analyzed. This study was the first to assess infected dogs\u2019 role as tungiasis propagators.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed8020098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]],"date-time":"2023-02-02T03:47:33Z","timestamp":1675309653000},"page":"98","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Spatial Distribution of Off-Host Stages of Tunga penetrans in the Soil within the Home Range of Nine Infected Dogs in An Endemic Tourist Area in Brazil"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Anderson Vieira","family":"de Jesus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Agr\u00e1rias e Ambientais, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilh\u00e9us 45662-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5203-012X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anai\u00e1 da Paix\u00e3o","family":"Sev\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Agr\u00e1rias e Ambientais, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilh\u00e9us 45662-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2961-8069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula Elisa Brand\u00e3o","family":"Guedes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Agr\u00e1rias e Ambientais, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilh\u00e9us 45662-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katharine Costa","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Agr\u00e1rias e Ambientais, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilh\u00e9us 45662-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8118-7713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatiani Vitor","family":"Harvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriela Mota Sena","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Agr\u00e1rias e Ambientais, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilh\u00e9us 45662-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thammy Vieira","family":"Bitar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Agr\u00e1rias e Ambientais, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilh\u00e9us 45662-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria Preventiva e Sa\u00fade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria e Zootecnia (FMVZ-USP), S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-270, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0556-8856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George R\u00eago","family":"Albuquerque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Agr\u00e1rias e Ambientais, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilh\u00e9us 45662-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renata Santiago Alberto","family":"Carlos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Agr\u00e1rias e Ambientais, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilh\u00e9us 45662-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0908.030041","article-title":"Severe Tungiasis in Underprivileged Communities: Case Series from Brazil","volume":"9","author":"Feldmeier","year":"2003","journal-title":"Emerg. 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