{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T07:18:34Z","timestamp":1765610314619,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]],"date-time":"2023-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Israel National Institute for Health Policy and Health Services Research (NIHP)","award":["R\/2012\/38"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R\/2012\/38"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TropicalMed"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among high-risk populations is an essential component of Tuberculosis (TB) elimination. However, non-compliance with LTBI treatment remains a major obstacle hindering TB elimination efforts. We have previously reported high treatment compliance with nurse-managed, twice-weekly, directly observed Isoniazid treatment (DOT) for LTBI among hard-to-reach Ethiopian immigrants (EI\u2019s). Objectives: to compare rate of completion of treatment, cost, and major adverse drug events with daily self-administered Isoniazid treatment (SAT) to nurse-managed Isoniazid DOT among hard-to-reach EIs. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study and compared self-administered LTBI treatment outcomes among EIs housed in reception centers during 2008\u20132012 to EIs treated with DOT. Results: Overall, 455 EIs were included (231 DOT, 224 SAT) in the study. We found no significant difference in treatment completion rates between the two groups (93.0% DOT vs. 87.9% SAT, p = 0.08). However, cases of grade III, drug-induced hepatitis were significantly fewer and treatment costs were significantly lower with the nurse\u2013managed DOT compared with SAT (0% vs. 2.2%, p = 0.028, 363 vs. 521 United States Dollars, p &lt; 0.001, respectively). Conclusions: Nurse-managed, twice-weekly DOT among hard-to-reach EIs housed in reception centers had less severe drug-related adverse events and reduced treatment cost compared with daily isoniazid SAT, yet we found no significant difference in treatment completion between the two strategies in this population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed8020123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]],"date-time":"2023-02-17T01:32:56Z","timestamp":1676597576000},"page":"123","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Latent Tuberculosis Treatment among Hard-to-Reach Ethiopian Immigrants: Nurse-Managed Directly Observed versus Self-Administered Isoniazid Therapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Hashem","family":"Bishara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tuberculosis Clinic and Pulmonary Division, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, and Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 5290002, Israel"},{"name":"School of Public Health, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Science, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manfred","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Science, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amer","family":"Saffouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tuberculosis Clinic and Internal Medicine, Nazareth Hospital, and Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 5290002, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Weiler-Ravell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Former Director of Pulmonary Division and Tuberculosis Clinic, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa 3436212, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2023, February 04). WHO Global Tuberculosis Report 2022. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/global-tuberculosis-programme\/tb-reports\/global-tuberculosis-report-2022."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2023, February 04). WHO End the Global TB Epidemic. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/WHO-HTM-TB-2015.19."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe1901656","article-title":"Ending Tuberculosis through Prevention","volume":"380","author":"Saunders","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e327","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30248-7","article-title":"Latent tuberculosis infection: The final frontier of tuberculosis elimination in the USA","volume":"17","author":"LoBue","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e305","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(22)00031-7","article-title":"Effectiveness of nationwide programmatic testing and treatment for latent tuberculosis infection in migrants in England: A retrospective, population-based cohort study","volume":"7","author":"Harris","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2510","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31008-X","article-title":"Tuberculosis in migrants moving from high-incidence to low-incidence countries: A population-based cohort study of 519\u2008955 migrants screened before entry to England, Wales, and Northern Ireland","volume":"388","author":"Aldridge","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"1900238","article-title":"Tuberculosis incidence among migrants according to migrant status: A cohort study, Denmark, 1993 to 2015","volume":"24","author":"Lillebaek","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr6901a1","article-title":"Guidelines for the Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection: Recommendations from the National Tuberculosis Controllers Association and CDC, 2020","volume":"69","author":"Sterling","year":"2020","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm. Rep."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"(2020). WHO Operational Handbook on Tuberculosis (Module 1 \u2013 Prevention): Tuberculosis Preventive Treatment, World Health Organization. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240001503."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac248","article-title":"Tuberculosis Epidemiologic Studies Consortium. Evaluation of the Latent Tuberculosis Care Cascade Among Public Health Clinics in the United States","volume":"75","author":"Holzman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00052-9","article-title":"ESGITM and ESGMYC study groups. Initiation and completion of treatment for latent tuberculosis infection in migrants globally: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Rustage","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1714284","article-title":"Safety and Side Effects of Rifampin versus Isoniazid in Children","volume":"379","author":"Diallo","year":"2018","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.11.1014","article-title":"Hepatotoxicity associated with isoniazid preventive therapy: A 7-year survey from a public health tuberculosis clinic","volume":"281","author":"Nolan","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"1374","article-title":"Age-related risk of hepatotoxicity in the treatment of latent tuberculosis infection: A systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Kunst","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E678","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.190081","article-title":"Responsible use of rifampin for the treatment of latent tuberculosis infection","volume":"191","author":"Batt","year":"2019","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.15.0908","article-title":"Rifampicin resistance after treatment for latent tuberculous infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Matteelli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E181","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268820001715","article-title":"Ongoing tuberculosis transmission among second-generation Ethiopian immigrants","volume":"148","author":"Bishara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.14.0674","article-title":"Cost of nurse-managed latent tuberculous infection treatment among hard-to-reach immigrants in Israel","volume":"19","author":"Bishara","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3203","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268815000382","article-title":"Tuberculosis in native Israeli Arabs and Jews: Trends and treatment outcomes, 1999-2011","volume":"143","author":"Bishara","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.12.0296","article-title":"Adult tuberculosis in Israel and migration: Trends and challenges between 1999 and 2010","volume":"16","author":"Mor","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute (2023, January 18). Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, Version 5.0, Available online: https:\/\/ctep.cancer.gov\/protocoldevelopment\/electronic_applications\/docs\/CTCAE_v5_Quick_Reference_8.5x11.pdf."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09-0394","article-title":"Tuberculosis Epidemiologic Studies Consortium. Latent TB infection treatment acceptance and completion in the United States and Canada","volume":"137","author":"Horsburgh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"979","article-title":"Acceptance and safety of directly observed versus self-administered isoniazid preventive therapy in aboriginal peoples in British Columbia","volume":"2","author":"Heal","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"30","article-title":"Effect of directly observed preventive therapy for latent tuberculosis infection in San Francisco","volume":"7","author":"White","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schein, Y.L., Madebo, T., Andersen, H.E., Arnesen, T.M., Dyrhol-Riise, A.M., Tveiten, H., White, R.A., and Winje, B.A. (2018). Treatment completion for latent tuberculosis infection in Norway: A prospective cohort study. BMC Infect. Dis., 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3468-z"}],"container-title":["Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2414-6366\/8\/2\/123\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:38:45Z","timestamp":1760121525000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2414-6366\/8\/2\/123"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["tropicalmed8020123"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/tropicalmed8020123","relation":{},"ISSN":["2414-6366"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2414-6366"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]]}}}