{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T20:28:13Z","timestamp":1794256093897,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TropicalMed"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We aimed to determine the prevalence of bacterial coinfection (CoBact) and bacterial superinfection (SuperBact), the causative pathogens, the initial antibiotic-prescribing practice, and the associated clinical outcomes of hospitalized patients with respiratory syncytial virus-associated acute respiratory illness (RSV-ARI). This retrospective study included 175 adults with RSV-ARI, virologically confirmed via RT-PCR, during the period 2014\u20132019. Thirty (17.1%) patients had CoBact, and 18 (10.3%) had SuperBact. The independent factors associated with CoBact were invasive mechanical ventilation (OR: 12.1, 95% CI: 4.7\u201331.4; p &lt; 0.001) and neutrophilia (OR: 3.3, 95% CI: 1.3\u20138.5; p = 0.01). The independent factors associated with SuperBact were invasive mechanical ventilation (aHR: 7.2, 95% CI: 2.4\u201321.1; p &lt; 0.001) and systemic corticosteroids (aHR: 3.1, 95% CI: 1.2\u20138.1; p = 0.02). CoBact was associated with higher mortality compared to patients without CoBact (16.7% vs. 5.5%, p = 0.05). Similarly, SuperBact was associated with higher mortality compared to patients without SuperBact (38.9% vs. 3.8%, p &lt; 0.001). The most common CoBact pathogen identified was Pseudomonas aeruginosa (30%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (23.3%). The most common SuperBact pathogen identified was Acinetobacter spp. (44.4%), followed by ESBL-positive Enterobacteriaceae (33.3%). Twenty-two (100%) pathogens were potentially drug-resistant bacteria. In patients without CoBact, there was no difference in mortality between patients who received an initial antibiotic treatment of &lt;5 days or \u22655 days.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed8030148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]],"date-time":"2023-03-02T01:39:21Z","timestamp":1677721161000},"page":"148","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Bacterial Coinfection and Superinfection in Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Associated Acute Respiratory Illness: Prevalence, Pathogens, Initial Antibiotic-Prescribing Patterns and Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6576-1690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Phunsup","family":"Wongsurakiat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respiratory Diseases and Tuberculosis, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok 10700, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siwadol","family":"Sunhapanit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Pulmonary Critical Care, Faculty of Medicine, Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nisa","family":"Muangman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Division, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok 10700, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1097\/01.md.0000232560.22098.4e","article-title":"Respiratory viral infections in adults with hematologic malignancies and human stem cell transplantation recipients: A retrospective study at a major cancer center","volume":"85","author":"Chemaly","year":"2006","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.160.3.9901004","article-title":"Respiratory syncytial and other virus infections in persons with chronic cardiopulmonary disease","volume":"160","author":"Walsh","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. 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