{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T10:35:04Z","timestamp":1791974104227,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"U.K. Research and Innovation","award":["BB\/P027954\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/P027954\/1"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014013","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/P027954\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/P027954\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014013","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TropicalMed"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Freshwater snails are intermediate hosts for several snail-borne diseases affecting humans and animals. Understanding the distribution of snail intermediate hosts and their infection status is very important to plan and implement effective disease prevention and control interventions. In this study, we determined the abundance, distribution, and trematode infection status of freshwater snails in two agro-ecological zones of Ethiopia. We sampled snails from 13 observation sites and examined them for trematode infections using a natural cercarial shedding method. A redundancy analysis (RDA) was used to examine the relationship between snail abundance and environmental variables. Overall, a total of 615 snails belonging to three species were identified. Lymnea natalensis and Bulinus globosus were the dominant snail species, representing 41% and 40% of the total collection, respectively. About one-third of the total snail population (33%) shed cercariae. The cercariae species recorded were Xiphidiocercaria, Brevifurcate apharyngeate distome (BAD), Echinostome, and Fasciola. Snail species were found in high abundance in aquatic habitats located in the agricultural landscape. Therefore, land-use planning and protection of aquatic habitats from uncontrolled human activities and pollution can be considered as important strategies to prevent and control the spread of snail-borne diseases in the region.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed8030154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]],"date-time":"2023-03-02T01:39:21Z","timestamp":1677721161000},"page":"154","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Effects of Land-Use and Environmental Factors on Snail Distribution and Trematode Infection in Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8036-4995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seid Tiku","family":"Mereta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, Jimma University, Jimma P.O. Box 378, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samson Wakuma","family":"Abaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 9086, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fikirte Demissie","family":"Tulu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Applied Natural Sciences, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama P.O. Box 1888, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kebede","family":"Takele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, Jimma University, Jimma P.O. Box 378, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmud","family":"Ahmednur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, Jimma University, Jimma P.O. Box 378, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Girma Alemu","family":"Melka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Jimma University, Jimma P.O. Box 378, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7485-6416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Nanyingi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public and Global Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi P.O. Box 30197-00100, Kenya"},{"name":"Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston CH64 7TE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah Rose","family":"Vineer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston CH64 7TE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7305-5262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John","family":"Graham-Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liverpool Veterinary Parasitology Diagnostics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Science Park IC2, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3846-7082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cyril","family":"Caminade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Earth System Physics Department, Leonardo Building, 34151 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0121-2016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siobhan M.","family":"Mor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston CH64 7TE, UK"},{"name":"International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 5689, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"149","article-title":"Global diversity of gastropods (Gastropoda; Mollusca) in freshwater","volume":"Volume 198","author":"Balian","year":"2007","journal-title":"Freshwater Animal Diversity Assessment"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2012.12.002","article-title":"Swimmer\u2019s itch: Etiology, impact, and risk factors in Europe","volume":"29","author":"Selbach","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2022, April 01). Schistosomiasis. 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