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Whereas several species of Culex are important vectors of arboviruses, only a limited number of studies focus on them due to the difficulties to morphologically identify field-caught females. Matrix-assisted laser desorption\/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has been reported as a promising method for the identification of mosquitoes. Culex females collected in French Guiana were morphologically identified and dissected. Abdomens were used for molecular identification using the COI (cytochrome oxidase 1) gene. Legs and thorax of 169 specimens belonging to 13 Culex species, (i.e., Cx. declarator, Cx. nigripalpus, Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. usquatus, Cx. adamesi, Cx. dunni, Cx. eastor, Cx. idottus, Cx. pedroi, Cx. phlogistus, Cx. portesi, Cx. rabanicolus and Cx. spissipes) were then submitted to MALDI-TOF MS analysis. A high intra-species reproducibility and inter-species specificity of MS spectra for each mosquito body part tested were obtained. A corroboration of the specimen identification was revealed between MALDI-TOF MS, morphological and molecular results. MALDI-TOF MS protein profiling proves to be a suitable tool for identification of neotropical Culex species and will permit the enhancement of knowledge on this highly diverse genus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed8030168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]],"date-time":"2023-03-14T02:33:36Z","timestamp":1678761216000},"page":"168","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Identification of Neotropical Culex Mosquitoes by MALDI-TOF MS Profiling"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Monique Melo","family":"Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Parasitologie et Entomologie, D\u00e9partement de Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biom\u00e9dicale des Arm\u00e9es, 13005 Marseille, France"},{"name":"Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, 13005 Marseille, France"},{"name":"IHU M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection, 13005 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amandine","family":"Guidez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 d\u2019Entomologie M\u00e9dicale, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, 97354 Cayenne, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8872-1774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00e9bastien","family":"Briolant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Parasitologie et Entomologie, D\u00e9partement de Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biom\u00e9dicale des Arm\u00e9es, 13005 Marseille, France"},{"name":"Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, 13005 Marseille, France"},{"name":"IHU M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection, 13005 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stanislas","family":"Talaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 d\u2019Entomologie M\u00e9dicale, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, 97354 Cayenne, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Issaly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 d\u2019Entomologie M\u00e9dicale, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, 97354 Cayenne, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Halima","family":"Naroua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Paludologie et d\u2019Entomologie M\u00e9dicale, CERMES, YN034, Niamey BP 10887, Niger"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romuald","family":"Carinci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 d\u2019Entomologie M\u00e9dicale, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, 97354 Cayenne, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"Gaborit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 d\u2019Entomologie M\u00e9dicale, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, 97354 Cayenne, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Lavergne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire des Interactions Virus-H\u00f4tes, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, 97354 Cayenne, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5265-8432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabelle","family":"Dusfour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 d\u2019Entomologie M\u00e9dicale, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, 97354 Cayenne, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5044-4855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Bernard","family":"Duchemin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 d\u2019Entomologie M\u00e9dicale, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, 97354 Cayenne, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0490-5774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lionel","family":"Almeras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Parasitologie et Entomologie, D\u00e9partement de Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biom\u00e9dicale des Arm\u00e9es, 13005 Marseille, France"},{"name":"Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, 13005 Marseille, France"},{"name":"IHU M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection, 13005 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/44.4.554","article-title":"Insight into Global Mosquito Biogeography from Country Species Records","volume":"44","author":"Foley","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. 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