{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:49:50Z","timestamp":1787068190596,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,17]],"date-time":"2023-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","award":["302222\/2016-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["302222\/2016-2"]}]},{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","award":["423836\/2018-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["423836\/2018-8"]}]},{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","award":["46360.673.28686.05082021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["46360.673.28686.05082021"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005669","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Apoio \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado da Para\u00edba","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["302222\/2016-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["302222\/2016-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005669","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005669","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Apoio \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado da Para\u00edba","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["423836\/2018-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["423836\/2018-8"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005669","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005669","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Apoio \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado da Para\u00edba","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["46360.673.28686.05082021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["46360.673.28686.05082021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005669","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TropicalMed"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bovine leptospirosis causes economic losses and raises public health concerns. It is possible that there are peculiarities in the epidemiology of leptospirosis in regions with a semiarid climate, such as the Caatinga biome in Brazil, where the climate is hot and dry, and the etiological agent require alternative routes of transmission. This study aimed to close knowledge gaps to the diagnosis and epidemiology of Leptospira spp. infection in cows from the Caatinga biome, Brazil. Samples of the blood, urinary tract (urine, bladder and kidney) and reproductive tract (vaginal fluid, uterus, uterine tube, ovary and placenta) were collected from 42 slaughtered cows. Diagnostic tests included were the microscopic agglutination test (MAT), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and bacterial isolation. Anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies were found in 27 (64.3%) of the animals analyzed using MAT at a 1:50 dilution (cut-off 50), while 31 (73.8%) animals had at least one organ\/fluid where the presence of Leptospira spp. DNA was identified, and 29 animals (69%) were positive at bacteriological culture. The highest sensitivity values for MAT were obtained at the cut-off point of 50. In conclusion, even under hot and dry climate conditions, it is possible that Leptospira spp. can spread through alternative routes such as venereal transmission; moreover, a cut-off of 50 is recommended for the serological diagnosis of cattle from the Caatinga biome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed8030177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,17]],"date-time":"2023-03-17T02:29:59Z","timestamp":1679020199000},"page":"177","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Bovine Leptospirosis in Caatinga Biome, Brazil: New Insights into Diagnosis and Epidemiology"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7332-8504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathanael Nat\u00e9rcio da Costa","family":"Barnab\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Unit of Veterinary Medicine (UAMV), Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Patos 58708-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael Rodrigues","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Unit of Veterinary Medicine (UAMV), Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Patos 58708-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deivyson Kelvis Silva","family":"Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Unit of Veterinary Medicine (UAMV), Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Patos 58708-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denise Batista","family":"Nogueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny (FMVZ), University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-220, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fl\u00e1via Teresa Ribeiro da","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Unit of Veterinary Medicine (UAMV), Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Patos 58708-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9153-1485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Pessoa","family":"Ara\u00fajo J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biosciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of the S\u00e3o Paulo State (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camila Dantas","family":"Malossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biosciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of the S\u00e3o Paulo State (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leila Sabrina","family":"Ullmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biosciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of the S\u00e3o Paulo State (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego Figueiredo da","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Science, Federal University of Para\u00edba (UFPB), Areia 58397-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Luana Cristiny Rodrigues","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Unit of Veterinary Medicine (UAMV), Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Patos 58708-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1784-7481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Severino Silvano dos Santos","family":"Higino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Unit of Veterinary Medicine (UAMV), Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Patos 58708-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina de Sousa Am\u00e9rico Batista","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Unit of Veterinary Medicine (UAMV), Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Patos 58708-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1777-7348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00e9rgio Santos de","family":"Azevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Unit of Veterinary Medicine (UAMV), Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Patos 58708-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clebert Jos\u00e9","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Unit of Veterinary Medicine (UAMV), Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Patos 58708-110, 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