{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T22:48:59Z","timestamp":1789080539758,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,27]],"date-time":"2023-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"grant office of the Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University","award":["2018-12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018-12"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TropicalMed"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Conventional scolicidal agents are still unsatisfactory in combating hydatid disease due to their low efficacy and increased drug side effects. Therefore, novel scolicides are required. This study aimed to evaluate the antihydatic and immunomodulatory effects of eugenol essential oil (Eug) and its nanoemulsion (Eug-NE) in cystic echinococcosis (CE). Eug and Eug-NE were administered orally to CE-infected rats and compared to albendazole (ABZ). Hydatid cyst development was assessed based on organ weight and hypertrophy indicators of the infected organs, along with a histopathological and histochemical evaluation of collagen content. The immunomodulatory effects of treatment on CE were evaluated by serum cytokine levels measurement of interferon-\u03b3 (IFN-\u03b3) and interleukin (IL)-4 and immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) and GATA-binding protein 3 (GATA3) markers. Eug-NE was the most effective in reducing the cyst weights, organ weights, and hypertrophy indicators and improving histopathological lesions with reduced collagen content. Eug and Eug-NE significantly increased the IFN-\u03b3 levels and decreased the IL-4 levels, while IHC analysis demonstrated a significant reduction in STAT4 and GATA3 expression in all treated groups. Eug and Eug-NE demonstrated antihydatic and preventative effects, with a substantial decrease in liver fibrosis compared to that of ABZ. Besides their promising immunomodulatory effects, their good treatment response suggests their use as alternatives or complementary scolicidal agents in hydatid cyst treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed8050253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,27]],"date-time":"2023-04-27T02:50:00Z","timestamp":1682563800000},"page":"253","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Eugenol Essential Oil and Nanoemulsion as Antihydatic Agents with Antifibrotic and Immunomodulatory Effects in Cystic Echinococcosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2947-3122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alzahraa Abdelraouf","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Naged","family":"Maurice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed El-Salahy M.","family":"Monib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Soliman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt"},{"name":"Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sultan S.","family":"Al-Thagfan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawarah 30001, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enas Abdelhameed Mahmoud","family":"Huseein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3634-1","article-title":"Epidemiological Factors Associated with Human Cystic Echinococcosis: A Semi-Structured Questionnaire from a Large Population-Based Ultrasound Cross-Sectional Study in Eastern Europe and Turkey","volume":"12","author":"Tamarozzi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(00)00130-2","article-title":"Echinococcosis: An Emerging or Re-Emerging Zoonosis?","volume":"30","author":"Eckert","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. 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