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Studying these species can provide important insights into their vector potential and, consequently, epizootic cycles of arboviruses carried about by these vectors. Here, we evaluated the vertical distribution and temporal segregation of mosquito oviposition with emphasis on arbovirus vectors in a fragment of the Atlantic Forest in Casimiro de Abreu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Two sampling points were selected: Fazenda Tr\u00eas Montes and the Reserva Natural de Propriedade Privada Morro Grande. Collections were carried out at two sites using 10 ovitraps installed on the vegetation cover at different heights (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 m above ground level) and monitored monthly from July 2018 to December 2020. The hypotheses of temporal and vertical stratification were tested through a PERMANOVA, and the relationship of each species with the vertical distribution was evaluated individually through a correlation analysis. We collected a total of 3075 eggs, including four species of medical importance: Haemagogus leucocelaenus (n = 1513), Haemagogus janthinomys (n = 16), Aedes albopictus (n = 1097), and Aedes terrens (n = 449). We found that Hg. leucocelaenus had a positive relationship with height, exhibiting behavior that appears to benefit from higher heights. The abundance of Ae. terrens seemed to follow Hg. leucocelaenus, although we did not find a relationship with height for the former species. On the other hand, Ae. albopictus exhibited a negative relationship with height, becoming absent or outnumbered at higher strata. Our study site has already presented evidence of recent transmission of the wild yellow fever virus, supporting the need to carefully monitor the emergence of febrile diseases among residents in the surrounding areas and the local population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed8050256","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T12:10:03Z","timestamp":1682943003000},"page":"256","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Vertical Distribution of Oviposition and Temporal Segregation of Arbovirus Vector Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in a Fragment of the Atlantic Forest, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Rayane","family":"Dias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Diptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Medicina Tropical, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecilia Ferreira","family":"de Mello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Diptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7991-8807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel Silva","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional da Mata Atl\u00e2ntica\u2014INMA, Avenida Jos\u00e9 Ruschi, 4-Centro, Santa Teresa 29650-000, ES, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Laura","family":"Carbajal-de-la-Fuente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1063 CABA, Argentina"},{"name":"Centro Nacional de Diagn\u00f3stico e Investigaci\u00f3n en Endemo-Epidemias (CeNDIE), Administraci\u00f3n Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud \u201cDr. Carlos Malbr\u00e1n\u201d (ANLIS), Av. Paseo Col\u00f3n 568, Buenos Aires C1063 CABA, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7863-2698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeronimo","family":"Alencar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Diptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.07.025","article-title":"Impact of climate change and other factors on emerging arbovirus diseases","volume":"103","author":"Gould","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. 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