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The use of this model creates epidemiological generalizations, ecological oversimplifications and historical misunderstandings as its assumptions\u2014an urban center with explosive population growth, a high level of commercial sex and a surge in STDs, a network of mechanical transport and country-wide, en masse mobile campaigns\u2014are absent from the historical record. This model fails to explain how the HIV-2 epidemic actually came about. This is the first study to conduct an exhaustive examination of sociohistorical contextual developments and align them with environmental, virological and epidemiological data. The interdisciplinary dialogue indicates that the emergence of the HIV-2 epidemic piggybacked on local sociopolitical transformations. The war\u2019s indirect effects on ecological relations, mobility and sociability were acute in rural areas and are a key to the HIV-2 epidemic. This setting had the natural host of the virus, the population numbers, the mobility trends and the use of technology on a scale needed to foster viral adaptation and amplification. The present analysis suggests new reflections on the processes of zoonotic spillovers and disease emergence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed8050261","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,3]],"date-time":"2023-05-03T01:36:38Z","timestamp":1683077798000},"page":"261","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["It Was Not the Perfect Storm: The Social History of the HIV-2 Virus in Guinea-Bissau"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2666-883X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Varanda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research in Anthropology (CRIA-UC), Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine-NOVA-Lisbon (GHTM-UNL), Rua da Junqueira, 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7119-6280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Maur\u00edcio","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Geographical Studies, Institute of Geography and Spatial Planning, Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-276 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Associated Laboratory TERRA, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6588","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0936469100","article-title":"Tracing the origin and history of the HIV-2 epidemic","volume":"100","author":"Lemey","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. 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