{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:20:46Z","timestamp":1760149246616,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]],"date-time":"2023-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689638400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TropicalMed"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Blastomycosis is an endemic fungal disease predominantly observed in the northern regions of North America. It manifests primarily as pulmonary disease but can also involve dissemination to the skin, bones, and genitourinary tract. Detailed Case Description: We describe a case of a patient in Southern California with disseminated blastomycosis following his occupational exposure to decaying wood. The patient was treated with intravenous amphotericin therapy followed by oral itraconazole therapy with full resolution of his symptoms. Conclusions: The patient\u2019s case presentation serves as a reminder regarding Blastomyces infections diagnosed outside of endemic regions and suggests a potential link between blastomycosis and a novel occupational exposure surrounding axe throwing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed8070371","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]],"date-time":"2023-07-19T00:54:01Z","timestamp":1689728041000},"page":"371","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Burying Hatchets into Endemic Diagnoses: Disseminated Blastomycosis from a Potentially Novel Occupational Exposure"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5153-2264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kusha","family":"Davar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arthur","family":"Jeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Olive View-University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 91342, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"Donovan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Olive View-University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 91342, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2017.04.006","article-title":"Clinical Manifestations and Treatment of Blastomycosis","volume":"38","author":"McBride","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Chest Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-199301000-00010","article-title":"Blastomycosis in otolaryngology: Review of a large series","volume":"103","author":"Reder","year":"1993","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1086\/513647","article-title":"Cross-reactivity in Histoplasma capsulatum variety capsulatum antigen assays of urine samples from patients with endemic mycoses","volume":"24","author":"Wheat","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention (2023, May 26). Sources of Histoplasmosis. National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers of Diseases Control and Prevention, Available online: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/fungal\/diseases\/histoplasmosis\/causes.html."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seitz, A.E., Younes, N., Steiner, C.A., and Prevots, D.R. (2014). Incidence and trends of blastomycosis-associated hospitalizations in the United States. PLoS ONE, 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0105466"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"1","article-title":"Guidelines for prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected adults and adolescents: Recommendations from CDC, the National Institutes of Health, and the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":"58","author":"Kaplan","year":"2009","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm. Rep."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198602273140901","article-title":"Isolation of Blastomyces dermatitidis in soil associated with a large outbreak of blastomycosis in Wisconsin","volume":"314","author":"Klein","year":"1986","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention (2023, May 26). Sources of Blastomycosis. National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers of Diseases Control and Prevention, Available online: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/fungal\/diseases\/blastomycosis\/causes.html."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Knibbs, K. (2023, May 26). Unbury the Hatchet: How Competitive Ax-Throwing Went from a Canadian Fad to a Global Pastime. The Ringer. Available online: https:\/\/www.theringer.com\/sports\/2018\/10\/18\/17992498\/axe-throwing-organized-sport."}],"container-title":["Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2414-6366\/8\/7\/371\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:13:53Z","timestamp":1760127233000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2414-6366\/8\/7\/371"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["tropicalmed8070371"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/tropicalmed8070371","relation":{},"ISSN":["2414-6366"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2414-6366"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]]}}}