{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:52:22Z","timestamp":1792806742212,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]],"date-time":"2023-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TropicalMed"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Brazilian quilombos are rural semi-isolated remnant communities of former black slaves and their descendants who traditionally maintained themselves through archaic subsistence livestock and agriculture practices and historically lacked specific public health policies. Although such individuals and their dogs may be exposed to zoonotic pathogens such as Toxoplasma gondii, no study to date has assessed these human-animal populations together. Populations in four different Brazilian quilombos in southern Brazil were evaluated. Overall, 93\/208 people (44.7%) and 63\/100 dogs (63.0%) were seropositive for IgG anti-T. gondii antibodies by indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT), 4\/208 (1.9%) human samples seropositive for IgM anti-T. gondii antibodies, with a human-dog seropositivity ratio for IgG of 0.71. Quilombola individuals ingesting game meat were 2.43-fold more likely (95% CI: 1.05\u20135.9) to be seropositive. No risk factors were associated with seropositivity among dogs, thus suggesting that their exposure to T. gondii was random. Surprisingly, our research group had previously found an inverted human-dog ratio for T. gondii seropositivity of 2.54 in the urban area of a nearby major city. Because consumption of raw\/undercooked game meat by quilombola individuals may have contributed to higher exposure, higher overall seroprevalence among dogs may have also indicated interaction with wildlife. Although these dogs may hunt wildlife without their owners\u2019 awareness, the higher dog seropositivity may also be related to feeding from discarded food in the community or backyard livestock animals and drinking surface water contaminated with oocysts. Thus, wildlife cannot be singled out as the reason, and future studies should consider sampling water, soil, wildlife, and livestock tissues, to fully establish the source of infection in dogs herein.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed8070377","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]],"date-time":"2023-07-24T01:15:45Z","timestamp":1690161345000},"page":"377","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["One Health Approach in Serosurvey of Toxoplasma gondii in Former Black Slave (Quilombola) Communities in Southern Brazil and Among Their Dogs"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Giovanni Kalempa","family":"Panazzolo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84030-900, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise Bach","family":"Kmetiuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate College of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paran\u00e1, Curitiba 81530-000, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Orlei Jos\u00e9","family":"Domingues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84030-900, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Henrique","family":"Farinhas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate College of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paran\u00e1, Curitiba 81530-000, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2431-830X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando Rodrigo","family":"Doline","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate College of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paran\u00e1, Curitiba 81530-000, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1178-5643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danilo Alves de","family":"Fran\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, S\u00e3o Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618-681, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N\u00e1ssarah Jabur Lot","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, S\u00e3o Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618-681, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7554-1520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leandro Meneguelli","family":"Biondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of the Atlantic Forest (INMA), Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Santa Teresa 29650-000, ES, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2380-4349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rog\u00e9rio","family":"Giuffrida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Western S\u00e3o Paulo, Presidente Prudente 19001-970, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5127-0762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helio","family":"Langoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, S\u00e3o Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618-681, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7065-1138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vamilton Alvares","family":"Santar\u00e9m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Western S\u00e3o Paulo, Presidente Prudente 19001-970, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4182-5821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander Welker","family":"Biondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate College of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paran\u00e1, Curitiba 81530-000, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1946-3262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovani Marino","family":"F\u00e1vero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84030-900, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis508","article-title":"Foodborne Toxoplasmosis","volume":"55","author":"Jones","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. 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