{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:22:40Z","timestamp":1760149360422,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]],"date-time":"2023-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690502400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico e Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MS-SCTIE-Decit No. 22\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MS-SCTIE-Decit No. 22\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TropicalMed"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Tungiasis is a disease associated with extreme poverty. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of tungiasis in six different settlements of the Sanum\u00e1s indigenous community in a remote area in the Auaris region, Yanomami territory, Brazil. Methods: We conducted an observational study to detect clinical and epidemiological factors associated with tungiasis using a cross-sectional strategy and multivariate logistic regression. Soil analysis was performed by visual and microscopic methods. Results: We examined 555 persons, 45 of whom had active tungiasis; 18 cases were classified as mild, 16 as moderate and 11 as severe. The disease was significantly more prevalent in children than in adults (odds ratio (OR) 15.77; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 5.34\u201367.91; p &lt; 0.001). Soil infestation was significantly related to the occurrence of human tungiasis (OR = 12.29; 95% CI = 3.75\u201345.88). The sex and GPS location of the houses were not related to the occurrence of tungiasis. Conclusions: We conclude that tungiasis is an important problem in the Sanum\u00e1s community, especially for children. We suggest that interruption of the off-host transmission cycle, together with regular treatment [human and animal interventions], must be prioritized to achieve control of tungiasis in indigenous populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed8080386","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]],"date-time":"2023-07-28T07:58:52Z","timestamp":1690531132000},"page":"386","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Tungiasis in the Sanum\u00e1s Amerindians in the Amazon Rainforest, Brazil: Prevalence, Intensity and Morbidity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6332-3227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yago Ranniere Teixeira","family":"Santana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Secretaria Especial de Sa\u00fade Ind\u00edgena (SESAI), Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade do Brasil, Bras\u00edlia 70.910-900, Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade Coletiva, Universidade de Bras\u00edlia, Bras\u00edlia 70.910-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucas Felipe Carvalho","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secretaria Especial de Sa\u00fade Ind\u00edgena (SESAI), Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade do Brasil, Bras\u00edlia 70.910-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriela Mafra","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Distrito Sanit\u00e1rio Especial Ind\u00edgena (DSEI) Yanomami, Boa Vista 69.301-08, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1989-7412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renata Vel\u00f4zo","family":"Timb\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas, Universidade de Bras\u00edlia, Bras\u00edlia 70.910-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eliane Mateus","family":"Pires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secretaria Especial de Sa\u00fade Ind\u00edgena (SESAI), Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade do Brasil, Bras\u00edlia 70.910-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amanda Ramos","family":"de Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Universidade Federal de Roraima, Boa Vista 69.310-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6408-9831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Carolina Tardin","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas, Universidade de Bras\u00edlia, Bras\u00edlia 70.910-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vivyanne Santiago","family":"Magalh\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secretaria de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade, do Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade do Brasil, Bras\u00edlia 70.723-040, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Carolina Mota","family":"de Faria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secretaria de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade, do Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade do Brasil, Bras\u00edlia 70.723-040, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ada Amalia Ayala","family":"Urdapilleta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secretaria de Sa\u00fade do Distrito Federal, Bras\u00edlia 70.719-040, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Roger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas, Universidade de Bras\u00edlia, Bras\u00edlia 70.910-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8594-0015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael Rocha","family":"de Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas, Universidade de Bras\u00edlia, Bras\u00edlia 70.910-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luciana Pereira Freire","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Patologia Molecular, Universidade de Bras\u00edlia, Bras\u00edlia 70.910-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcos","family":"Pellegrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Universidade Federal de Roraima, Boa Vista 69.310-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabiola Christian Almeida","family":"de Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Universidade Federal de Roraima, Boa Vista 69.310-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David Dias","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dimensuri Assessoria T\u00e9cnica, Bras\u00edlia 70.391-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel Holanda","family":"Barroso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas, Universidade de Bras\u00edlia, Bras\u00edlia 70.910-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carina Nogueira","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em 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