{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T12:55:29Z","timestamp":1791982529623,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,13]],"date-time":"2023-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"USAID"},{"name":"TDR and its implementing partners"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TropicalMed"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Migrants are at increased risk of developing tuberculosis (TB) and have poor treatment outcomes. The National TB program (NTP) of the Kyrgyz Republic recognizes two types of migrants: internal (intra-country) and external (inter-country) migrants. This cohort study compared the characteristics, timeliness of diagnosis and treatment initiation, and treatment outcomes of TB patients (internal migrant vs. external migrant vs. non-migrant) identified during treatment in the country in 2021. The TB treatment register and treatment cards of 5114 patients (156 internal, 430 external, and 4528 non-migrants) were reviewed. Risk factors (unemployment, smoking, alcohol use, and homelessness) were higher (p-value &lt; 0.001) in internal (84%) than in external migrants (66%) and non-migrants (43%). The median delay in seeking care post-symptom onset was longer (p-value= 0.03) in external (30 days) than in internal migrants (21 days) and non-migrants (25 days). Successful treatment outcomes for drug-sensitive TB were higher in internal (89%, p-value = 0.012) and external migrants (86%, p-value = 0.001) than in non-migrants (78%). Internal and external migrants should be separately considered with respect to TB care and monitoring under the NTP. Success rates seem to be high in migrants, but our findings may be biased, as migrants with poor healthcare access may remain undetected and untreated and have undocumented poor outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed8080412","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,14]],"date-time":"2023-08-14T10:40:31Z","timestamp":1692009631000},"page":"412","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Delays in Treatment Initiation and Treatment Outcomes in Patients with Tuberculosis in the Kyrgyz Republic: Are There Differences between Migrants and Non-Migrants?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Kylychbek","family":"Istamov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Osh State University, Osh City 723500, Kyrgyzstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4099-6095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mher","family":"Beglaryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tuberculosis Research and Prevention Center, Yerevan 0014, Armenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Goncharova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Phthisiology, Bishkek 720000, Kyrgyzstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konushbek","family":"Sakmamatov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Ala-Too International University, Bishkek 720000, Kyrgyzstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bolot","family":"Kyrbashov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Phthisiology, Bishkek 720000, Kyrgyzstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mukadas","family":"Mamytova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Osh State University, Osh City 723500, Kyrgyzstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Indira","family":"Zairova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Osh State University, Osh City 723500, Kyrgyzstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gulzat","family":"Alumkylova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Phthisiology, Bishkek 720000, Kyrgyzstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5497-2858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Divya","family":"Nair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Union Against TB and Lung Disease (The Union), 75001 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2022, October 29). 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Treat."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park, S., Sung, C., Choi, H., Lee, Y.W., Kang, Y., Kim, H.-J., Kim, H.-Y., Oh, I.-H., and Lee, S.H. (2023). Comparison of Active Tuberculosis Case Finding Strategies for Immigrants in South Korea: Epidemiology and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis. 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