{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T01:35:35Z","timestamp":1794015335418,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]],"date-time":"2023-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Global Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TropicalMed"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The National TB Elimination Programme (NTEP) of India is implementing tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) for all household contacts (HHCs) of pulmonary tuberculosis patients (index patients) aged &lt;5 years and those HHCs aged &gt;5 years with TB infection (TBI). We conducted an explanatory mixed-methods study among index patients registered in the Kolar district, Karnataka during April-December 2022, to assess the TPT cascade and explore the early implementation challenges for TPT provision. Of the 301 index patients, contact tracing home visits were made in 247 (82.1%) instances; a major challenge was index patients\u2019 resistance to home visits fearing stigma, especially among those receiving care from the private sector. Of the 838 HHCs, 765 (91.3%) were screened for TB; the challenges included a lack of clarity on HHC definition and the non-availability of HHCs during house visits. Only 400 (57.8%) of the 692 eligible HHCs underwent an IGRA test for TBI; the challenges included a shortage of IGRA testing logistics and the perceived low risk among HHCs. As HHCs were unaware of their IGRA results, a number of HHCs actually eligible for TPT could not be determined. Among the 83 HHCs advised of the TPT, 81 (98%) initiated treatment, of whom 63 (77%) completed treatment. Though TPT initiation and completion rates are appreciable, the NTEP needs to urgently address the challenges in contact identification and IGRA testing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed8120512","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]],"date-time":"2023-11-30T09:39:12Z","timestamp":1701337152000},"page":"512","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Outcomes and Challenges in the Programmatic Implementation of Tuberculosis Preventive Therapy among Household Contacts of Pulmonary TB Patients: A Mixed-Methods Study from a Rural District of Karnataka, India"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1305-1969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"U. C.","family":"Samudyatha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research (SDUAHER), Tamaka, Kolar 563101, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4839-0138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathirvel","family":"Soundappan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7637-0292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gomathi","family":"Ramaswamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Hyderabad 508126, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kedar","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, GMERS Medical College, Gotri, Vadodara 390021, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chandan","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"District Health Office, Kolar 536101, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Jagadeesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"District Health Office, Kolar 536101, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. T.","family":"Prasanna Kamath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research (SDUAHER), Tamaka, Kolar 563101, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neeta","family":"Singla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Tuberculosis Research and Respiratory Diseases, New Delhi 110030, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5257-5074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pruthu","family":"Thekkur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Operational Research, International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 2 Rue Jean Lantier, 75001 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2023). 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