{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T16:20:57Z","timestamp":1792686057167,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]],"date-time":"2023-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703808000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Scientific Research Deanship at the University of Ha\u2019il, Saudi Arabia","award":["RG-20 199"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RG-20 199"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TropicalMed"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Despite the marked decline of schistosomiasis in Saudi Arabia in recent years, it is still reported in several regions. This study investigates the epidemiology of schistosomiasis in Saudi Arabia over seven years (2014\u20132020). Methodology: A retrospective study was retrieved from the annual reports of the Ministry of Health. A Geographic Information System GIS, Chi-square, and logistic regression were used to analyze the data. Results: Out of the 4,371,481 tested, 680 cases were positive for schistosomiasis, with a cumulative incidence rate of 2.155\/100,000 population. This number showed significant variation over the study period (p value &lt; 0.001). The highest number of cases detected in 2015 was almost 2-fold (OR = 1.93; 95%CI: 1.36\u20132.74) higher than in 2020. Both clinical forms (urinary and intestinal schistosomiasis) exist in Saudi Arabia (79.6% and 20.4% of all schistosomiasis cases, respectively). Schistosomiasis was reported in seven out of thirteen regions. Among them, Mecca has a relatively high number of cases (OR = 5.57; 95%CI: 2.49\u201312.47). Conversely, the Eastern Province has a low number of cases (OR = 0.09; 95%CI: 0.02\u20130.39) when compared to the Najran region (p value &gt; 0.001). Regarding the distribution of schistosomiasis cases by gender and nationality, we noticed that most of the positive cases were found among males (70.6%) and expatriates (83.6%). Conclusions: The persistence of schistosomiasis and the disparity in the demographic factors underscores the imperative for intensified and integrative One Health interventions to combat this disease in Saudi Arabia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed9010011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]],"date-time":"2023-12-29T09:15:11Z","timestamp":1703841311000},"page":"11","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Epidemiological Profile of Urinary and Intestinal Schistosomiasis in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Seven-Year Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8586-7583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafat","family":"Zrieq","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, University of Ha\u2019il, Ha\u2019il 2440, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Applied Science, Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0085-5805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed Ali","family":"Alzain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, University of Ha\u2019il, Ha\u2019il 2440, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reem M.","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha\u2019il, Ha\u2019il 2440, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Awfa Y.","family":"Alazzeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha\u2019il, Ha\u2019il 2440, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anas O.","family":"Tirawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4555-3074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rozan","family":"Attili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Hebron University, Hebron P.O. Box 40, Palestine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tolgahan","family":"Acar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha\u2019il, Ha\u2019il 2440, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Najoua","family":"Haouas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Parasitology-Mycology LP3M (Code LR12ES08), Department of Clinical Biology B, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Street 1, Avicenne, Monastir 5000, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Ahmad, H.S. (2023, March 30). Schistosomiasis (Bilharzia): Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology. 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