{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:39:39Z","timestamp":1760143179638,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,24]],"date-time":"2024-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706054400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TropicalMed"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Controlling tuberculosis (TB) among immigrants from high-incidence countries presents a public health concern as well as a medical challenge. In this article, we investigate a TB outbreak in a community of people of Jewish descent who emigrated from Ethiopia to Israel (Israeli Ethiopians) that started in June 2022. The index case was a 20-year-old female who had recently immigrated to Israel with her family. Her pre-immigration tuberculin skin test was positive. After excluding active TB, treatment with daily isoniazid for latent TB (LTB) was started shortly after her arrival. A year later, she was diagnosed with smear-positive, culture-positive, pulmonary TB. Investigation of 83 contacts revealed five additional patients with active TB, and three of whom were members were of her household. In this article, we report the current TB outbreak, review previously published TB outbreaks involving Israeli Ethiopians, analyze the factors that triggered each of these outbreaks, and discuss the challenges that face the Israeli TB control program in an era of declining TB incidence and diminishing resources available for TB control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed9020029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,24]],"date-time":"2024-01-24T07:42:16Z","timestamp":1706082136000},"page":"29","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Challenges of Tuberculosis Management beyond Professional Competence: Insights from Tuberculosis Outbreaks among Ethiopian Immigrants in Israel"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Hashem","family":"Bishara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tuberculosis Clinic and Pulmonary Division, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, and Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 5290002, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Weiler-Ravell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary Division and Tuberculosis Clinic, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa 3498838, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amer","family":"Saffouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tuberculosis Clinic and Internal Medicine, Nazareth Hospital, and Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 5290002, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manfred","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Science, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2024, January 18). 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