{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T20:43:08Z","timestamp":1792096988189,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]],"date-time":"2024-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710979200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TropicalMed"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Human Visceral Leishmaniasis is an endemic public health problem in the Amazon. This article analyzed the spatial distribution of this disease and its relationship with socioeconomic, environmental and public health policy variables in four mesoregions of the state of Par\u00e1, from 2011 to 2022. This ecological study used secondary data obtained from official Brazilian agencies. Spatial analysis was performed using the Flow, Kernel and Global Moran bivariate techniques expressed in thematic maps. In the mesoregions studied, 2685 cases of the disease were confirmed, with the highest number of cases in Southeast Par\u00e1 state. The epidemiological profile followed the national pattern of occurrence of the disease, with a higher number of cases in children below school age. Spatial dependence was observed between the prevalence of the disease and socio-economic indicators. The most intense movement of patients was towards the Bel\u00e9m Metropolitan mesoregion. The disease showed an inhomogeneous pattern of distribution of cases, with a direct relationship between areas with cases and deforestation associated with different anthropic activities. There is a socio-environmental production of the disease that goes beyond the border limits of the mesoregions, and its establishment is related to the unsustainable development model implemented in the region.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed9030066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]],"date-time":"2024-03-21T04:34:46Z","timestamp":1710995686000},"page":"66","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A Contribution towards Sustainable Development in the Amazon Based on a Socioeconomic and Environmental Analysis of Visceral Leishmaniasis in the State of Par\u00e1, Brazil"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1913-7176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia do Socorro Carvalho","family":"Miranda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Epidemiology and Geoprocessing of Amazon, University of the State of Par\u00e1 (UEPA), Bel\u00e9m 66050-540, Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade Coletiva na Amaz\u00f4nia, Federal University of Par\u00e1 (UFPA), Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Intelig\u00eancia Territorial e Sustentabilidade, Centro Universit\u00e1rio do Par\u00e1 (Cesupa), Bel\u00e9m 66060-230, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7202-1423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruna Costa","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Epidemiology and Geoprocessing of Amazon, University of the State of Par\u00e1 (UEPA), Bel\u00e9m 66050-540, Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade Coletiva na Amaz\u00f4nia, Federal University of Par\u00e1 (UFPA), Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9383-8392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric Renato Lima","family":"Figueiredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade Coletiva na Amaz\u00f4nia, Federal University of Par\u00e1 (UFPA), Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Sim\u00e3o","family":"de Melo Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade Coletiva na Amaz\u00f4nia, Federal University of Par\u00e1 (UFPA), Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hilton Pereira","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade Coletiva na Amaz\u00f4nia, Federal University of Par\u00e1 (UFPA), Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"},{"name":"Center for Advanced Multidisciplinary Studies, University of Bras\u00edlia, Bras\u00edlia 70910-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcos Valerio Santos","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade Coletiva na Amaz\u00f4nia, Federal University of Par\u00e1 (UFPA), Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9rgio Luiz","family":"Althoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Biology Laboratory, Natural Sciences Department, Blumenau Regional University (FURB), Blumenau 89012-078, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tainara Carvalho Garcia Miranda","family":"Filgueiras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Direito, Federal University of Par\u00e1 (UFPA), Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debora do Socorro Carvalho","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Epidemiology and Geoprocessing of Amazon, University of the State of Par\u00e1 (UEPA), Bel\u00e9m 66050-540, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nelson Veiga","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Epidemiology and Geoprocessing of Amazon, University of the State of Par\u00e1 (UEPA), Bel\u00e9m 66050-540, Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade Coletiva na Amaz\u00f4nia, Federal University of Par\u00e1 (UFPA), Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"},{"name":"Cyberspace Institute, Federal Rural University of Amazon (UFRA), Bel\u00e9m 66077-830, Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biologia Parasit\u00e1ria na Amaz\u00f4nia, University of the State of Par\u00e1 (UEPA), Bel\u00e9m 66050-540, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Rey, L. 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