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Despite the increased attention drawn to the immunosuppressive microenvironment formed by hepatic AE tissue, the immunological characteristics of hepatic dendritic cells (DCs) in the AE liver microenvironment have not been fully elucidated. Here, we profiled the immunophenotypic characteristics of hepatic DC subsets in both clinical AE patients and a mouse model. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) analysis of four AE patient specimens revealed that greater DC numbers were present within perilesional liver tissues and that the distributions of cDC and pDC subsets in the liver and periphery were different. cDCs highly expressed the costimulatory molecule CD86, the immune checkpoint molecule CD244, LAG3, CTLA4, and the checkpoint ligand CD48, while pDCs expressed these genes at low frequencies. Flow cytometric analysis of hepatic DC subsets in an E. multilocularis infection mouse model demonstrated that the number of cDCs significantly increased after parasite infection, and a tolerogenic phenotype characterized by a decrease in CD40 and CD80 expression levels was observed at an early stage, whereas an activated phenotype characterized by an increase in CD86 expression levels was observed at a late stage. Moreover, the expression profiles of major immune checkpoint molecules (CD244 and LAG3) and ligands (CD48) on hepatic DC subsets in a mouse model exhibited the same pattern as those in AE patients. Notably, the cDC and pDC subsets in the E. multilocularis infection group exhibited higher expression levels of PD-L1 and CD155 than those in the control group, suggesting the potential of these subsets to impair T cell function. These findings may provide valuable information for investigating the role of hepatic DC subsets in the AE microenvironment and guiding DC targeting treatments for AE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed9050095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]],"date-time":"2024-05-02T11:39:42Z","timestamp":1714649982000},"page":"95","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Immunological Characteristics of Hepatic Dendritic Cells in Patients and Mouse Model with Liver Echinococcus multilocularis Infection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Hui","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China"},{"name":"Basic Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinshi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basic Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basic Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingkun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basic Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abidan","family":"Ainiwaer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basic Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basic Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuran","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basic Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adilai","family":"Duolikun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basic Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingqing","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basic Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basic Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4386-6624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yujuan","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology (National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention), World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Tropical Disease, Shanghai 200025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuanshan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China"},{"name":"Basic Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00075-18","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00075-18","article-title":"Echinococcosis: Advances in the 21st Century","volume":"32","author":"Wen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. 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