{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T03:21:57Z","timestamp":1771903317360,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716422400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018818","name":"National Research, Development and Innovation Office","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FK 143174"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FK 143174"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TropicalMed"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) strains are capable of causing various systemic infections in both humans and animals. In this study, we isolated and characterized 30 E. coli strains from the parenchymatic organs and brains of young (&lt;3 months of age) camel calves which died in septicemia. Six of the strains showed hypermucoviscous phenotype. Based on minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values, seven of the strains were potentially multidrug resistant, with two additional showing colistin resistance. Four strains showed mixed pathotypes, as they carried characteristic virulence genes for intestinal pathotypes of E. coli: three strains carried cnf1, encoding cytotoxic necrotizing factor type 1, the key virulence gene of necrotoxigenic E. coli (NTEC), and one carried eae encoding intimin, the key virulence gene of enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC). An investigation of the integration sites of pathogenicity islands (PAIs) and the presence of prophage-related sequences showed that the strains carry diverse arrays of mobile genetic elements, which may contribute to their antimicrobial resistance and virulence patterns. Our work is the first to describe ExPEC strains from camels, and points to their veterinary pathogenic as well as zoonotic potential in this important domestic animal.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed9060123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T09:04:25Z","timestamp":1716455065000},"page":"123","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Molecular Markers and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli from Camel Calves Including Colistin-Resistant and Hypermucoviscuous Strains"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Domonkos","family":"Sv\u00e1b","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"HUN-REN Veterinary Medical Research Institute, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zolt\u00e1n","family":"Somogyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Istv\u00e1n","family":"T\u00f3th","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HUN-REN Veterinary Medical Research Institute, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Marina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai P.O. Box 597, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shantymol V.","family":"Jose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai P.O. Box 597, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Jeeba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai P.O. Box 597, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anas","family":"Safna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai P.O. Box 597, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Judit","family":"Juh\u00e1sz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Farm and Veterinary Department, Emirates Industry for Camel Milk and Products, Dubai P.O. Box 294236, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7068-9489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P\u00e9ter","family":"Nagy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Farm and Veterinary Department, Emirates Industry for Camel Milk and Products, Dubai P.O. Box 294236, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1382-491X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed Mohamed Taha","family":"Abdelnassir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Farm and Veterinary Department, Emirates Industry for Camel Milk and Products, Dubai P.O. Box 294236, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Abdelrhman","family":"Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Farm and Veterinary Department, Emirates Industry for Camel Milk and Products, Dubai P.O. Box 294236, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L\u00e1szl\u00f3","family":"Makrai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Autovakcina Ltd., H-1171 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1086\/315418","article-title":"Proposal for a New Inclusive Designation for Extraintestinal Pathogenic Isolates of Escherichia coli: ExPEC","volume":"181","author":"Russo","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Terlizzi, M.E., Gribaudo, G., and Maffei, M.E. (2017). UroPathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) Infections: Virulence Factors, Bladder Responses, Antibiotic, and Non-Antibiotic Antimicrobial Strategies. Front. 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