{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T19:40:47Z","timestamp":1773171647290,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,21]],"date-time":"2024-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726876800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TropicalMed"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vibrio cholerae, a Gram-negative bacterium, is widely known as the cause of cholera, an acute diarrheal disease. While only certain strains are capable of causing cholera, non-O1\/non-O139 V. cholerae strains (NOVC) can lead to non-pathogenic colonization or mild illnesses such as gastroenteritis. In immunocompromised patients, however, NOVC can cause severe infections, including rare cases of bacteremia, especially in those with underlying conditions like liver disease, hematologic disorders, and malignancies. This case report presents a rare instance of NOVC bacteremia in a 71-year-old patient with advanced lung cancer, illustrating the clinical presentation, diagnostic challenges, and treatment interventions required. The patient presented with fever, asthenia, and confusion, and was found to have bacteremia caused by NOVC, confirmed through blood cultures and molecular analysis. Treatment with intravenous ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin led to a rapid clinical improvement and resolution of the infection. This case, along with an overview of similar incidents, underscores the importance of considering NOVC in differential diagnoses for immunocompromised patients presenting with fever, and highlights the necessity of timely diagnosis and targeted antimicrobial therapy to achieve favorable outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed9090224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]],"date-time":"2024-09-23T04:45:28Z","timestamp":1727066728000},"page":"224","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Think Vibrio, Think Rare: Non-O1-Non-O139- Vibrio cholerae Bacteremia in Advanced Lung Cancer\u2014A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5650-6911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Marino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Infectious Diseases, ARNAS Garibaldi Hospital, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Cacopardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Infectious Diseases, ARNAS Garibaldi Hospital, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7380-7097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Villa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"D\u2019Emilio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pathology and Clinical Molecular Biology Unit, \u201cGaribaldi Centro\u201d Hospital, ARNAS Garibaldi, 95122 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1781-0902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salvatore","family":"Piro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8113-8452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Nunnari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Infectious Diseases, ARNAS Garibaldi Hospital, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-018-0005-8","article-title":"Vibrio Spp. Infections","volume":"4","author":"Oliver","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Q., Alter, T., and Fleischmann, S. (2024). Non-O1\/Non-O139 Vibrio Cholerae\u2014An Underestimated Foodborne Pathogen? An Overview of Its Virulence Genes and Regulatory Systems Involved in Pathogenesis. Microorganisms, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12040818"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saydam, F.N., Erdem, H., Ankarali, H., El-Arab Ramadan, M.E., El-Sayed, N.M., Civljak, R., Pshenichnaya, N., Moroti, R.V., Mahmuodabad, F.M., and Maduka, A.V. (2021). Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Infections and Their Relationships with Regional and Socioeconomic Statuses: An ID-IRI Survey in 24 Countries of Europe, Africa and Asia. Travel. Med. Infect. Dis., 44.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102174"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chowdhury, G., Joshi, S., Bhattacharya, S., Sekar, U., Birajdar, B., Bhattacharyya, A., Shinoda, S., and Ramamurthy, T. (2016). Extraintestinal Infections Caused by Non-Toxigenic Vibrio Cholerae Non-O1\/Non-O139. Front. Microbiol., 7.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.00144"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.024497-0","article-title":"Bullous Cellulitis in Cirrhotic Patients\u2014A Rare but Life-Threatening Infection Caused by Non-O1, Non-O139 Vibrio Cholerae Bacteraemia","volume":"60","author":"Yang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agyei, F.K., Scharf, B., and Duodu, S. (2024). Vibrio Cholerae Bacteremia: An Enigma in Cholera-Endemic African Countries. Trop. Med. Infect. Dis., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed9050103"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dahlgren, D., and Lennern\u00e4s, H. (2023). Review on the Effect of Chemotherapy on the Intestinal Barrier: Epithelial Permeability, Mucus and Bacterial Translocation. Biomed. Pharmacother., 162.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.114644"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-023-02241-0","article-title":"Vibrio Cholerae\u2014An Emerging Pathogen in Austrian Bathing Waters?","volume":"135","author":"Rehm","year":"2023","journal-title":"Wien. Klin. Wochenschr."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.60.3.864-869.1992","article-title":"Non-O1 Vibrio Cholerae NRT36S Produces a Polysaccharide Capsule That Determines Colony Morphology, Serum Resistance, and Virulence in Mice","volume":"60","author":"Johnson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Octavia, S., Salim, A., Kurniawan, J., Lam, C., Leung, Q., Ahsan, S., Reeves, P.R., Nair, G.B., and Lan, R. (2013). Population Structure and Evolution of Non-O1\/Non-O139 Vibrio Cholerae by Multilocus Sequence Typing. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0065342"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laurens, S., Wilhelm, N., F\u00e9vrier, F., Coppin, D., Mothes, M., Quilici, M.-L., and Metsu, D. (2024). Non-O1\/Non-O139 Vibrio Cholerae Bacteremia and Hepatitis in Diabetic Patient, France, Winter 2019. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis., 110.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116371"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shanley, J., Kanj, A., El Zein, S., Tabaja, H., Trzcinski, B., Horman, J., Salimnia, H., Fairfax, M., and Singh, M. (2019). Non-O1, Non-O139 Vibrio cholerae Bacteremia in an Urban Academic Medical Center in the United States. IDCases, 15.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idcr.2019.e00527"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"190","article-title":"Non-O1 and Non-O139 Vibrio Cholerae Septicemia and Cellulitis: A Case Report","volume":"47","author":"Negri","year":"2024","journal-title":"N. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2207.151996","article-title":"Heat Wave\u2013Associated Vibriosis, Sweden and Finland, 2014","volume":"22","author":"Trinanes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect Dis."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brehm, T.T., Berneking, L., Sena Martins, M., Dupke, S., Jacob, D., Drechsel, O., Bohnert, J., Becker, K., Kramer, A., and Christner, M. (2021). Heatwave-Associated Vibrio Infections in Germany, 2018 and 2019. Euro Surveill, 26.","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.41.2002041"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Castello, A., Alio, V., Sciortino, S., Oliveri, G., Cardamone, C., Butera, G., and Costa, A. (2022). Occurrence and Molecular Characterization of Potentially Pathogenic Vibrio Spp. in Seafood Collected in Sicily. Microorganisms, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11010053"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deshayes, S., Daurel, C., Cattoir, V., Parienti, J.-J., Quilici, M.-L., and de La Blanchardi\u00e8re, A. (2015). Non-O1, Non-O139 Vibrio Cholerae Bacteraemia: Case Report and Literature Review. Springerplus, 4.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40064-015-1346-3"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Almagro-Moreno, S., Pruss, K., and Taylor, R.K. (2015). Intestinal Colonization Dynamics of Vibrio Cholerae. PLoS Pathog., 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004787"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3335","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268816001783","article-title":"Vibriosis, Not Cholera: Toxigenic Vibrio Cholerae Non-O1, Non-O139 Infections in the United States, 1984\u20132014","volume":"144","author":"Crowe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect"},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"(2024, August 11). CDC Clinical Testing and Diagnosis for Cholera, Available online: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/cholera\/about\/index.html."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, X., Qian, J., Ke, Q., Wang, Y., Liu, Y., and Bao, D. (2023). Bacteremia Caused by a Serotype Ob5 Vibrio Cholerae Strain in a Cirrhotic Patient in China. Microbiol. Spectr., 11.","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02054-23"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.021014-0","article-title":"Non-O1, Non-O139 Vibrio Cholerae Bacteraemia in a Cirrhotic Patient","volume":"59","author":"Petsaris","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."}],"container-title":["Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2414-6366\/9\/9\/224\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:01:24Z","timestamp":1760112084000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2414-6366\/9\/9\/224"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,21]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["tropicalmed9090224"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/tropicalmed9090224","relation":{},"ISSN":["2414-6366"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2414-6366","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,21]]}}}