{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T14:06:33Z","timestamp":1783605993761,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TropicalMed"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cutaneous leishmaniasis is one of the most commonly diagnosed dermatological condition in travel medicine after diarrhoeal diseases and febrile status. The disease is transmitted by Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia sandflies. It appears in various clinical forms, the most common of which is a painless ulcer with raised edges, usually present on exposed parts of the body on the side where the insect bite occurred. Annually, over a million new cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) cases are reported globally. We present two cases of affliction, the first occurring in Patient 1, who attempted treatment through the Kambo cleanse in South America, which is considered a toxic, even life-threatening, procedure. It involves the subcutaneous application of a substance dangerous to humans derived from the surface mucus of a frog. Patient 2 applied caustic ointments, a fruitarian diet, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy in a private setting. After initial therapeutic failures caused by the patients\u2019 unconventional treatment ideas, the causal treatment effect was satisfactory, demonstrating the efficacy of these treatments in resolving the infection when applied appropriately. Despite the typical CL presentation in both patients, their self-treatment course was unusual. It is worth noting that alternative, sometimes harmful, self-treatment initiatives by patients may be surprising and ineffective. Promoting knowledge about tropical diseases among travellers and medical staff is crucial to improving treatment outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed9100227","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T04:00:04Z","timestamp":1727668804000},"page":"227","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Unusual Unsatisfactory Treatment in Two Patients with Imported Cutaneous Leishmaniasis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Kuna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tropical and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Gdansk, 81-519 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romuald","family":"Olsza\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Specialized Dermatology Outpatient Clinic, 81-366 Gdynia, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beata","family":"Szostakowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tropical Parasitology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Gdansk, 81-519 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Kulawiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tropical and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Gdansk, 81-519 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3878-9775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ravi","family":"Kant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tropical and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Gdansk, 81-519 Gdansk, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Virology, Helsinki University, 00290 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8780-0304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maciej","family":"Grzybek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tropical Parasitology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Gdansk, 81-519 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2007.12.008","article-title":"Dermatologic Conditions of the Ill Returned Traveler: An Analysis from the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network","volume":"12","author":"Lederman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. 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