{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:31:23Z","timestamp":1760146283540,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]],"date-time":"2024-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"END Fund, New York, NY, USA","award":["2022 07 25 EF"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022 07 25 EF"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TropicalMed"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Community mobilisation is a vital process for raising awareness and increasing participation in healthcare interventions, research, and programmes that require human sample collection and mass management. In this report, we present the community mobilisation approach undertaken for the implementation of the operational mapping and assessment of granular schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The mobilisation was conducted in 177 communities\/wards of the 16 local government areas. A total of 15,340 urine and stool samples were collected in 34 days. The efficacy and success of the strategy were evaluated through the following three performance metrics: community compliance rate, the participant response rate at the community level, and the overall compliance response rate of the four most sensitive LGAs. Community compliance was 93.7% as sample collection was denied in nine communities and two other communities demanded the return of the collected samples despite our mobilisation effort because of cultural bias and myths that connect the collection of stool and urine samples to ritual activities in the local context. The participant response rate at the community level was 86.7%. Three of the four sensitive LGAs (based on previous assessment programmes) demonstrated satisfactory compliance rates of 100%, while a response rate of 64.0% was computed for one of the LGAs. We believe our approach contributed to effective community mobilisation and awareness and that the developed model has the potential to improve participation rates in large healthcare assessments and intervention programmes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed9110255","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]],"date-time":"2024-10-25T03:46:04Z","timestamp":1729827964000},"page":"255","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Community Mobilisation for Human Sample Collection in Sensitive Communities: Experiences from Granular Mapping of Schistosomiasis and Soil-Transmitted Helminths in Ekiti State, South West, Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Temitope","family":"Agbana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AiDx Medical Bv, 2641 KM Pijnacker, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8451-6384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omolade","family":"Omotade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AiDx Medical Bv, 2641 KM Pijnacker, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moses","family":"Aderogba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ending Neglected Diseases (END) Fund, New York, NY 10016, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7010-6340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Consultant, Lake Jackson, TX 77566, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5392-3819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacob","family":"Solomon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD) Division, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja 900242, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saheed","family":"Animashaun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD) Division, Ekiti State Ministry of Health, Ado Ekiti 360101, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0317-9696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peace","family":"Alabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD) Division, Ekiti State Ministry of Health, Ado Ekiti 360101, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oladimeji","family":"Ajayi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Science, College of Medicine, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti 362103, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adebowale","family":"Akinwumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Science, College of Medicine, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti 362103, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0244-1616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel","family":"Popoola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AiDx Medical Bv, 2641 KM Pijnacker, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Bunda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AiDx Medical Bv, 2641 KM Pijnacker, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4007-2282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan-Carel","family":"Diehl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sustainable Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CE Delft, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gleb","family":"Vdovine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sustainable Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CE Delft, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Makau-Barasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ending Neglected Diseases (END) Fund, New York, NY 10016, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61689-4","article-title":"Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990\u20132010: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010","volume":"380","author":"Murray","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)00066-3","article-title":"Spatial distribution of schistosomiasis and treatment needs in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and geostatistical analysis","volume":"15","author":"Lai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e327","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(22)00221-3","article-title":"Review of 2022 WHO guidelines on the control and elimination of schistosomiasis","volume":"22","author":"Lo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hotez, P.J., and Kamath, A. (2009). Neglected tropical diseases in sub-Saharan Africa: Review of their prevalence, distribution, and disease burden. PLoS Neglected Trop. Dis., 3.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000412"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-018-0013-8","article-title":"Schistosomiasis","volume":"4","author":"McManus","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primer."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(11)70170-3","article-title":"Neuroschistosomiasis: Clinical symptoms and pathogenesis","volume":"10","author":"Ferrari","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2011.10-0585","article-title":"Urogenital schistosomiasis in women of reproductive age in Tanzania\u2019s Lake Victoria region","volume":"84","author":"Downs","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dawaki, S., Al-Mekhlafi, H.M., Ithoi, I., Ibrahim, J., Abdulsalam, A.M., Ahmed, A., Sady, H., Nasr, N.A., and Atroosh, W.M. (2015). The menace of schistosomiasis in Nigeria: Knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding schistosomiasis among rural communities in Kano state. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0143667"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61949-2","article-title":"Human schistosomiasis","volume":"383","author":"Colley","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-011-0009-9","article-title":"No \u201cmagic bullet\u201d: Exploring community mobilization strategies used in a multi-site community based randomized controlled trial: Project accept (HPTN 043)","volume":"16","author":"Tedrow","year":"2012","journal-title":"AIDS Behav."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68653-4","article-title":"Soil-transmitted helminth infections: Ascariasis, trichuriasis, and hookworm","volume":"367","author":"Bethony","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2021.11.001","article-title":"The yin and yang of human soil-transmitted helminth infections","volume":"51","author":"Loukas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(86)90384-6","article-title":"The epidemiology and control of intestinal helminths in the Pulicat Lake region of Southern India. I. Study design and pre-and post-treatment observations on Ascaris lumbricoides infection","volume":"80","author":"Elkins","year":"1986","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2022). WHO Guideline on Control and Elimination of Human Schistosomiasis, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hawkins, K.R., Cantera, J.L., Storey, H.L., Leader, B.T., and de Los Santos, T. (2016). Diagnostic tests to support late-stage control programmes for schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiases. PLoS Neglected Trop. Dis., 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004985"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.4314\/njpar.v43i1.18","article-title":"Prevalence of Urinary Schistosomiasis Among School Children In Ago Aduloju Community, Ado LGA of Ekiti State, Nigeria","volume":"43","author":"Oluwafemi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Niger. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182009991181","article-title":"Schistosomiasis control in Africa: 8 years after World Health Assembly Resolution 54.19","volume":"136","author":"Savioli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Makau-Barasa, L., Assefa, L., Aderogba, M.O., Bell, D., Solomon, J., Abba, A., A-Enegela, J., Damen, J.G., Popoola, S., and Agbana, T. (2023). Image-Based Awareness Campaign and Community Mobilization in the Control of Schistosomiasis. Trop. Med. Infect. Dis., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed8060309"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000661","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2017-000661","article-title":"Dynamics of paediatric urogenital schistosome infection, morbidity and treatment: A longitudinal study among preschool children in Zimbabwe","volume":"3","author":"Osakunor","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Glob. Health"},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"WHO (2023, September 26). Guide for Mapping Neglected Tropical Diseases Amenable to Preventive Chemotherapy in the African Region (2014). World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa. Available online: https:\/\/www.eliminateschisto.org\/sites\/gsa\/files\/content\/attachments\/2020-02-13\/AFRO%20NTD%20Mapping%20Guide%20vFeb2014_Revised%20March%202018.pdf."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MacQueen, K.M., Bhan, A., Frohlich, J., Holzer, J., Sugarman, J., and Ethics Working Group of the HIV Prevention Trials Network (2015). Evaluating community engagement in global health research: The need for metrics. BMC Med. Ethics, 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12910-015-0033-9"}],"container-title":["Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2414-6366\/9\/11\/255\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:20:03Z","timestamp":1760113203000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2414-6366\/9\/11\/255"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"alternative-id":["tropicalmed9110255"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/tropicalmed9110255","relation":{},"ISSN":["2414-6366"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2414-6366"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]]}}}