{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:34:01Z","timestamp":1760146441606,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,7]],"date-time":"2024-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["88887.977276\/2024-00","408463\/2022-8","E26\/210.057\/2020","E26\/210.701\/2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.977276\/2024-00","408463\/2022-8","E26\/210.057\/2020","E26\/210.701\/2024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"The National Council for Scientific and Technological Development\u2013CNPq","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["88887.977276\/2024-00","408463\/2022-8","E26\/210.057\/2020","E26\/210.701\/2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.977276\/2024-00","408463\/2022-8","E26\/210.057\/2020","E26\/210.701\/2024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio de Janeiro-FAPERJ","award":["88887.977276\/2024-00","408463\/2022-8","E26\/210.057\/2020","E26\/210.701\/2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.977276\/2024-00","408463\/2022-8","E26\/210.057\/2020","E26\/210.701\/2024"]}]},{"name":"Oswald \u00b0Cruz Institute-IOC (PAEF)","award":["88887.977276\/2024-00","408463\/2022-8","E26\/210.057\/2020","E26\/210.701\/2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.977276\/2024-00","408463\/2022-8","E26\/210.057\/2020","E26\/210.701\/2024"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TropicalMed"],"abstract":"<jats:p>COVID-19 infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 continues to cause significant mortality and morbidity. ACE2 is a key regulator of the renin\u2013angiotensin\u2013aldosterone system (RAAS). Differences in COVID-19 severity are thought to be due to the imbalance of RAAS\/ACE mutations. This retrospective study evaluated the detection and genetic susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection in 202 children \u22643 years of age living in the Amazon region in 2021. The angiotensin-converting enzyme ACE I\/D (rs4646994) and ACE2 G8790A (rs2285666) polymorphisms were detected by SYBR GREEN real-time PCR and PCR-RFLP\/Alul digestion, respectively. SARS-CoV-2 detection was performed by RT-qPCR in feces and saliva samples collected simultaneously from the same children presenting acute gastroenteritis (AGE) or acute respiratory infection (ARI). The frequency of SARS-CoV-2 detected by qRT-PCR in children was low (5.9%, 12\/202), although higher in the group of children with AGE (8.9%, 9\/101) than with ARI (2.9%, 3\/101). Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection was not verified due to the low frequency. Homozygous II (rs4646994) children were the majority (87.1%, 176\/202). Boys with genotype A (rs2285666) were more susceptible to ARI and pneumonia symptoms than AGE (OR = 3.8, 95% CI 1.4\u201310.3, p 0.007). Boys with genotype G (rs4646994) or the combination II + G were more susceptible to acquiring AGE. Surveillance, along with understanding their causes, is crucial to controlling ARI and COVID-19 in children living in low-income countries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed9110270","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,7]],"date-time":"2024-11-07T06:41:22Z","timestamp":1730961682000},"page":"270","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Polymorphisms in the ACE I\/D (rs4646994) and ACE2 G8790A (rs2285666) in Young Children Living in the Amazon Region and SARS-CoV-2 Infection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5000-9842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan Cardoso","family":"Pimenta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswald \u00b0Cruz Institute, Oswald \u00b0Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"Post-Graduate Program in Sanitary Surveillance, National Institute for Quality Control in Health, Oswald \u00b0Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"Post-Graduate Program in Tropical Medicine, Oswald \u00b0Cruz Institute, Oswald \u00b0Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2816-5176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fl\u00e1via Freitas de Oliveira","family":"Bonfim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswald \u00b0Cruz Institute, Oswald \u00b0Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos Eduardo da Silva","family":"Figueiredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswald \u00b0Cruz Institute, Oswald \u00b0Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"Post-Graduate Program in Tropical Medicine, Oswald \u00b0Cruz Institute, Oswald \u00b0Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"National Institute of Women, Children and Adolescents\u2019 Health Fernandes Figueira, Oswald \u00b0Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Avenida Rui Barbosa, 716-Flamengo, Rio de Janeiro 22250-020, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruno Loreto de Arag\u00e3o","family":"Pedroso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswald \u00b0Cruz Institute, Oswald \u00b0Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mauro Fran\u00e7a","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswald \u00b0Cruz Institute, Oswald \u00b0Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"Post-Graduate Program in Tropical Medicine, Oswald \u00b0Cruz Institute, Oswald \u00b0Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"Technological Coordination, Tetraviral Vaccine, Immunobiological Technology Institute (Biomanguinhos), Oswald \u00b0Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alberto Ignacio Olivares","family":"Olivares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secretaria Estadual de Sa\u00fade de Roraima, SESAU\/RR, Rua Madrid, 180-Aeroporto, Boa Vista 69310-043, RR, Brazil"},{"name":"Medicine & Health School, State University of Roraima, Rua Presidente Juscelino Kubitscheck, 300, Canarinho, Boa Vista 69360-000, RR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabella Fernandes","family":"Delgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post-Graduate Program in Sanitary Surveillance, National Institute for Quality Control in Health, Oswald \u00b0Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Paulo Gagliardi","family":"Leite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswald \u00b0Cruz Institute, Oswald \u00b0Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcia Terezinha Baroni de","family":"Moraes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswald \u00b0Cruz Institute, Oswald \u00b0Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"Post-Graduate Program in Tropical Medicine, Oswald \u00b0Cruz Institute, Oswald \u00b0Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kitano, T., Kitano, M., Krueger, C., Jamal, H., Al Rawahi, H., Lee-Krueger, R., Sun, R.D., Isabel, S., Garc\u00eda-Ascaso, M.T., and Hibino, H. 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