{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T06:14:52Z","timestamp":1790144092704,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]],"date-time":"2024-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732233600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ricerca Corrente IZS VE 16\/12","award":["B28C13000510001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B28C13000510001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TropicalMed"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Leptospirosis is a widespread disease throughout the world, presenting in severe clinical forms in dogs. The pathogenicity of the different serovars in field infections is not fully documented, and clinical diagnosis is often limited to a combination of serological tests and molecular analyses. The latter, although a fundamental tool, cannot identify the infecting strain without further analysis. This study reports the use of various indirect (microscopic agglutination test, MAT) and direct (microbiological culture, real-time PCR) laboratory techniques, followed by typing protocols (Multi-locus Sequence Typing (MLST), Multiple Loci Variable number tandem repeat Analysis (MLVA), serotyping) that allowed for the identification of the Leptospira serovar Australis in a symptomatic and previously vaccinated dog (vaccine containing heterologous strains). This study reports long-term clinical follow-up (0\u2013640 days) and describes the possible role of the infection in the development of chronic renal failure. This study aims to highlight how a combination of different techniques can be useful to better characterise the environmental circulation of zoonotic agents. Therefore, the identification and isolation of circulating L. strains would facilitate the updating of epidemiological data, enhance the knowledge of pathogenicity and long-term clinical effects, and provide a valuable resource for improving the efficacy of a specific serovar vaccination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed9120285","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]],"date-time":"2024-11-22T10:17:23Z","timestamp":1732270643000},"page":"285","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Challenge of Bacterial Strain Identification: Leptospira interrogans Serovars Australis in a Dog and Long-Term Clinical Follow-Up"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1935-5146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tommaso","family":"Furlanello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Clinic and Laboratory San Marco, Via dell\u2019Industria, 35030 Veggiano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2369-8467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisa","family":"Mazzotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Viale dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 10, 35020 Legnaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1082-982X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Bertasio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Centre for Animal Leptospirosis (NRCL), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell\u2019Emilia Romagna \u201cBruno Ubertini\u201d, Via Bianchi 7\/9, 25121 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9918-2497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"D\u2019Incau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Centre for Animal Leptospirosis (NRCL), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell\u2019Emilia Romagna \u201cBruno Ubertini\u201d, Via Bianchi 7\/9, 25121 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7809-0331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Bellinati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Viale dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 10, 35020 Legnaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4255-9024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Lucchese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Viale dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 10, 35020 Legnaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2104-4531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alda","family":"Natale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Viale dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 10, 35020 Legnaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1966","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16903","article-title":"2023 Updated ACVIM Consensus Statement on Leptospirosis in Dogs","volume":"37","author":"Sykes","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. 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