{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:38:07Z","timestamp":1760146687152,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]],"date-time":"2024-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001321","name":"National Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["109616"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["109616"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001321","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Directorate of Research and Innovation, Walter Sisulu University","award":["109616"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["109616"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TropicalMed"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Interactions between parasites and hosts are not fully understood, though the dynamic pattern of infection and reinfection in humans varies with different demographic variables and behavioral changes. A community-based non-equivalent control group post-test-only design, an aspect of quasi-experimental design (QED), was carried out between March 2019 and February 2020. For the extraction of data from respondents, structural questionnaires were filled. Their CD4 count and viral load from the database of the National Health Laboratory Services, Mthatha were recorded. The method applied for the identification of intestinal parasites was a direct examination of the stool and the use of concentration methods. The post-test analysis showed that the intervention sites that received THEdS (Treatment, Health education, and Sanitation) bundle had a cure proportion of 60% and a re-infection proportion of 40%. The post-test results on control sites (treatment-only group) showed that the cure proportion was 51.4% and the re-infection proportion was 48.6%. The viral load significantly reduced from 377 to 44 copies\/mL with a significant increment in CD4 count from 244 to 573 (cells \u00b5L) and (p-value) = 0.002. The combination of THEdS is an effective measure to reduce infection and reinfection of intestinal parasites. The THEdS bundle is a sustainable control and prevention method for the control of helminthes and protozoan associated with unsanitary environment and poor personal hygiene among immune-compromised individuals like HIV\/AIDS patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed9120289","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,28]],"date-time":"2024-11-28T03:21:23Z","timestamp":1732764083000},"page":"289","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Intervention to Prevent Recurrent Intestinal Parasitic Infections in People Living with HIV in Selected Parts of Eastern Cape, South Africa"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Ifeoma","family":"Anozie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5117, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0388-787X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mojisola Clara","family":"Hosu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5100, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1329-3864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teke","family":"Apalata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5100, South Africa"},{"name":"National Health Laboratory Service, Mthatha 5099, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7749-9167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominic T.","family":"Abaver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5100, South Africa"},{"name":"HERENDA Program, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5100, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-016-2317-7","article-title":"Frequency and distribution patterns of opportunistic infections associated with HIV\/AIDS in Uganda","volume":"9","author":"Rubaihayo","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Res. 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