{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T12:41:08Z","timestamp":1791981668820,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]],"date-time":"2024-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000996","name":"the ASEAN-Australia Health Security Fellowship by the Commonwealth Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, and the Master of Applied Epidemiology Scholarship by the Australian National University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["274\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["274\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000996","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TropicalMed"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hepatitis B remains a major public health issue in Vietnam. Mandatory reporting to the national electronic communicable disease surveillance system (eCDS) has been required since July 2016. We conducted an evaluation of the hepatitis B surveillance system in Ninh Binh, the province with the highest reported burden of hepatitis B in Northern Vietnam, between 2017 and 2022. Using the CDC\u2019s guidelines for evaluating public health surveillance systems, we assessed four key attributes: simplicity, timeliness, data quality, and acceptability. This retrospective evaluation included document reviews, analysis of hepatitis B data, and in-depth interviews with provincial-level healthcare staff involved in the reporting of hepatitis B cases. The results showed that the eCDS improved reporting frequency, provided more detailed case information, and enhanced data accessibility compared to the previous paper-based system. However, the system faced several challenges, including unclear objectives, difficulties in distinguishing acute from chronic cases, insufficient training for staff, lack of supervision for data quality, and technical software issues. Despite these challenges, stakeholders found the system acceptable but emphasized the need for improvements, including revising the system\u2019s objectives, automating case classification, enhancing training, securing funding for maintenance, and implementing regular data review processes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed9120299","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]],"date-time":"2024-12-05T09:30:18Z","timestamp":1733391018000},"page":"299","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["From Paper to Digital: Performance and Challenges of the Electronic Hepatitis B Surveillance System in Ninh Binh, Northern Vietnam (2017\u20132022)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1444-3120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hien T.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Communicable Disease Control, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3796-6162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thai Q.","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communicable Disease Control, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"},{"name":"Research Methodology and Biostatistics Department, School of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duc M.","family":"Hoang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Department of Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Health, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9648-0728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Quang D.","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Department of Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Health, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giang T.","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ninh Binh Provincial General Hospital, Ninh Binh 430000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thuong T.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ninh Binh Provincial General Hospital, Ninh Binh 430000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nam H.","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ninh Binh Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ninh Binh 430000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huyen T.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Communicable Disease Control, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3775-9139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khanh C.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communicable Disease Control, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"},{"name":"Field Epidemiology Training Program, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Vogt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia"},{"name":"The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2023, June 06). 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