{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T16:49:07Z","timestamp":1762102147110,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,18]],"date-time":"2018-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1516233600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hematophagous insects transmit infectious diseases. Sand flies are vectors of leishmaniasis, but can also transmit viruses. We have been studying immune responses of Lutzomyia longipalpis, the main vector of visceral leishmaniasis in the Americas. We identified a non-specific antiviral response in L. longipalpis LL5 embryonic cells when treated with non-specific double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs). This response is reminiscent of interferon response in mammals. We are investigating putative effectors for this antiviral response. Secreted molecules have been implicated in immune responses, including interferon-related responses. We conducted a mass spectrometry analysis of conditioned medium from LL5 cells 24 and 48 h after dsRNA or mock treatment. We identified 304 proteins. At 24 h, 19 proteins had an abundance equal or greater than 2-fold change, while the levels of 17 proteins were reduced when compared to control cells. At the 48 h time point, these numbers were 33 and 71, respectively. The two most abundant secreted peptides at 24 h in the dsRNA-transfected group were phospholipid scramblase, an interferon-inducible protein that mediates antiviral activity, and forskolin-binding protein (FKBP), a member of the immunophilin family, which mediates the effect of immunosuppressive drugs. The transcription profile of most candidates did not follow the pattern of secreted protein abundance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v10010043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,18]],"date-time":"2018-01-18T12:19:48Z","timestamp":1516277988000},"page":"43","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Identification of Secreted Proteins Involved in Nonspecific dsRNA-Mediated Lutzomyia longipalpis LL5 Cell Antiviral Response"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1477-4360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Martins-da-Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biologia Molecular de Parasitas e Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0006-0057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erich","family":"Telleria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biologia Molecular de Parasitas e Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Batista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Gen\u00f4mica Funcional, Instituto Carlos Chagas\u2014Fiocruz, Rua Prof. Algacyr Munhoz Mader 3775, Curitiba 81350-010, PR, Brazil"},{"name":"Plataforma Espectrometria de Massas\u2014RPT02H, Instituto Carlos Chagas\u2014Fiocruz, Rua Prof. Algacyr Munhoz Mader 3775, Curitiba 81350-010, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabricio","family":"Marchini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Gen\u00f4mica Funcional, Instituto Carlos Chagas\u2014Fiocruz, Rua Prof. Algacyr Munhoz Mader 3775, Curitiba 81350-010, PR, Brazil"},{"name":"Plataforma Espectrometria de Massas\u2014RPT02H, Instituto Carlos Chagas\u2014Fiocruz, Rua Prof. Algacyr Munhoz Mader 3775, Curitiba 81350-010, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yara","family":"Traub-Csek\u00f6","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biologia Molecular de Parasitas e Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2974-4532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Tempone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biologia Molecular de Parasitas e Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-120811-153557","article-title":"Biology of Phlebotomine Sand Flies as Vectors of Disease Agents","volume":"58","author":"Ready","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benelli, G., Jeffries, C.L., and Walker, T. (2016). Biological Control of Mosquito Vectors: Past, Present, and Future. Insects, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/insects7040052"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"1295","article-title":"Chandipura: A New Arbovirus Isolated in India from Patients with Febrile Illness","volume":"55","author":"Bhatt","year":"1967","journal-title":"Indian J. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"179","article-title":"Isolation of Chandipura Virus from Sandflies in Aurangabad","volume":"58","author":"Dhanda","year":"1970","journal-title":"Indian J. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.en.33.010188.001125","article-title":"The Genus Phlebovirus and Its Vectors","volume":"33","author":"Tesh","year":"1988","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1984.33.999","article-title":"Carajas and Maraba Viruses, Two New V esiculoviruses Isolated from Phlebotomine Sand Flies in Brazil","volume":"33","author":"Tesh","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1987.36.662","article-title":"Viremia and Immune Response with Sequential Phlebovirus Infections","volume":"36","author":"Tesh","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11773","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01543-15","article-title":"Ecuador Paraiso Escondido Virus, a New Flavivirus Isolated from New World Sand Flies in Ecuador, Is the First Representative of a Novel Clade in the Genus Flavivirus","volume":"89","author":"Alkan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2079","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.000170","article-title":"Characterization of the Punta Toro Species Complex (Genus Phlebovirus, Family Bunyaviridae)","volume":"96","author":"Palacios","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e18","DOI":"10.1038\/emi.2015.18","article-title":"Factors Responsible for the Emergence of Arboviruses; Strategies, Challenges and Limitations for Their Control","volume":"4","author":"Liang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Emerg. Microbes Infect."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"496","article-title":"Zika Virus: The Latest Newcomer","volume":"7","author":"Saiz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585-40.3.356","article-title":"Infection of New- and Old-World Aedes Albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) by the Intracellular Parasite Wolbachia: Implications for Host Mitochondrial DNA Evolution","volume":"40","author":"Armbruster","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1038\/266628a0","article-title":"Experimental Transmission of Leishmania Chagasi, Causative Agent of Neotropical Visceral Leishmaniasis, by the Sandfly Lutzomyia longipalpis","volume":"266","author":"Lainson","year":"1977","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12985","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.331561","article-title":"Caspar-Like Gene Depletion Reduces Leishmania Infection in Sand Fly Host Lutzomyia longipalpis","volume":"287","author":"Telleria","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-12","article-title":"Bacterial Feeding, Leishmania Infection and Distinct Infection Routes Induce Differential Defensin Expression in Lutzomyia longipalpis","volume":"6","author":"Telleria","year":"2013","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2014.1736","article-title":"The Flagellar Protein Flag1\/Smp1 Is a Candidate for Leishmania-Sand Fly Interaction","volume":"15","author":"Lobo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2583.2003.00435.x","article-title":"Involvement of the Jnk-Like Protein of the Aedes Albopictus Mosquito Cell Line, C6\/36, in Phagocytosis, Endocytosis and Infection of West Nile Virus","volume":"12","author":"Mizutani","year":"2003","journal-title":"Insect Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2004.01.017","article-title":"RNA Interference, Arthropod-Borne Viruses, and Mosquitoes","volume":"102","author":"Travanty","year":"2004","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7718","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01578-06","article-title":"Can Anopheles Gambiae Be Infected with Wolbachia Pipientis? Insights from an in Vitro System","volume":"72","author":"Rasgon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/20.2.199","article-title":"Development of a Continuous Cell Line from the Sand Fly Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae), and Its Susceptibility to Infection with Arboviruses","volume":"20","author":"Tesh","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1507-4","article-title":"The Sandfly Lutzomyia longipalpis Ll5 Embryonic Cell Line Has Active Toll and Imd Pathways and Shows Immune Responses to Bacteria, Yeast and Leishmania","volume":"9","author":"Telleria","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2007.06.008","article-title":"Non-Specific Antiviral Response Detected in RNA-Treated Cultured Cells of the Sandfly, Lutzomyia longipalpis","volume":"32","author":"Pitaluga","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-6101(00)00027-7","article-title":"The Virus Battles: IFN Induction of the Antiviral State and Mechanisms of Viral Evasion","volume":"12","author":"Levy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2006.02.036","article-title":"Evaluation of Replicative Capacity and Genetic Stability of West Nile Virus Replicons Using Highly Efficient Packaging Cell Lines","volume":"351","author":"Fayzulin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.200900514","article-title":"Plant Secretome: Unlocking Secrets of the Secreted Proteins","volume":"10","author":"Agrawal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proteomics"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4707","DOI":"10.3390\/v7082840","article-title":"Regulation of the Host Antiviral State by Intercellular Communications","volume":"7","author":"Assil","year":"2015","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"388","article-title":"Interactions between Trypanosoma Cruzi Secreted Proteins and Host Cell Signaling Pathways","volume":"7","author":"Bahia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2010","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.T500030-MCP200","article-title":"Parts Per Million Mass Accuracy on an Orbitrap Mass Spectrometer Via Lock Mass Injection into a C-Trap","volume":"4","author":"Olsen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Proteom."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1511","article-title":"Maxquant Enables High Peptide Identification Rates, Individualized P.P.B.-Range Mass Accuracies and Proteome-Wide Protein Quantification","volume":"26","author":"Cox","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1794","DOI":"10.1021\/pr101065j","article-title":"Andromeda: A Peptide Search Engine Integrated into the Maxquant Environment","volume":"10","author":"Cox","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2010.01.013","article-title":"Quantitative Proteomics Reveals Subset-Specific Viral Recognition in Dendritic Cells","volume":"32","author":"Luber","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W375","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkh378","article-title":"Predisi: Prediction of Signal Peptides and Their Cleavage Positions","volume":"32","author":"Hiller","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D447","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gku1003","article-title":"String V10: Protein-Protein Interaction Networks, Integrated over the Tree of Life","volume":"43","author":"Szklarczyk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-006-0097-6","article-title":"Quantitative Real-Time RT-PCR Data Analysis: Current Concepts and the Novel \u201cGene Expression\u2019s CT Difference\u201d Formula","volume":"84","author":"Schefe","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meireles, A.C.A., Amoretty, P.R., Souza, N.A., Kyriacou, C.P., and Peixoto, A.A. (2006). Rhythmic Expression of the Cycle Gene in a Hematophagous Insect Vector. BMC Mol. Biol., 7.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2199-7-38"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9465","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.21.9465","article-title":"A Recessive Mutation, Immune Deficiency (IMD), Defines Two Distinct Control Pathways in the Drosophila Host Defense","volume":"92","author":"Lemaitre","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.22.012703.104626","article-title":"Drosophila: The Genetics of Innate Immune Recognition and Response","volume":"22","author":"Brennan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.11.11","article-title":"Mosquito Rnai Is the Major Innate Immune Pathway Controlling Arbovirus Infection and Transmission","volume":"6","author":"Blair","year":"2011","journal-title":"Future Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"e25353","article-title":"The Drosophila Jak-Stat Pathway","volume":"2","author":"Zeidler","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAKSTAT"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s00294-006-0078-x","article-title":"On the Origin and Functions of RNA-Mediated Silencing: From Protists to Man","volume":"50","author":"Cerutti","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr. Genet."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2006.08.011","article-title":"Double-Stranded RNA and Antiviral Immunity in Marine Shrimp: Inducible Host Mechanisms and Evidence for the Evolution of Viral Counter-Responses","volume":"31","author":"Robalino","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.10.329","article-title":"Contributions of Functional Genomics and Proteomics to the Study of Immune Responses in the Pacific White Leg Shrimp Litopenaeus Vannamei","volume":"128","author":"Robalino","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Flenniken, M.L., and Andino, R. (2013). Non-Specific Dsrna-Mediated Antiviral Response in the Honey Bee. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0077263"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3172","DOI":"10.3390\/v7062765","article-title":"The Effect of Oral Administration of Dsrna on Viral Replication and Mortality in Bombus Terrestris","volume":"7","author":"Piot","year":"2015","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6448","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-06623-z","article-title":"Virus and dsRNA-triggered transcriptional responses reveal key components of honey bee antiviral defense","volume":"7","author":"Brutscher","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07712","article-title":"Antiviral Immunity in Drosophila Requires Systemic RNA Interference Spread","volume":"458","author":"Saleh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1087","article-title":"The RNA Helicase Rig-I Has an Essential Function in Double-Stranded RNA-Induced Innate Antiviral Responses","volume":"5","author":"Yoneyama","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2851","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.5.2851","article-title":"Shared and Unique Functions of the Dexd\/H-Box Helicases RIG-I, MDA5, and LGP2 in Antiviral Innate Immunity","volume":"175","author":"Yoneyama","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2005.02.007","article-title":"Pathogen Recognition with Toll-Like Receptors","volume":"17","author":"Kawai","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2005.08.012","article-title":"Identification and Characterization of MAVS, a Mitochondrial Antiviral Signaling Protein That Activates NF-\u03baB and IRF 3","volume":"122","author":"Seth","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2007.11.005","article-title":"TLR3: Interferon Induction by Double-Stranded RNA Including Poly(I:C)","volume":"60","author":"Matsumoto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2011.02.001","article-title":"Toll-Like Receptor, RIG-I-Like Receptors and the Nlrp3 Inflammasome: Key Modulators of Innate Immune Responses to Double-Stranded RNA Viruses","volume":"22","author":"Yu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0854.2005.00302.x","article-title":"Unconventional Secretory Routes: Direct Protein Export across the Plasma Membrane of Mammalian Cells","volume":"6","author":"Nickel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Traffic"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.018","article-title":"Cyromazine Resistance in a Field Strain of House Flies, Musca domestica L.: Resistance Risk Assessment and Bio-Chemical Mechanism","volume":"167","author":"Khan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18240","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.29.18240","article-title":"Molecular Cloning of Human Plasma Membrane Phospholipid Scramblase. A Protein Mediating Transbilayer Movement of Plasma Membrane Phospholipids","volume":"272","author":"Zhou","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8983","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.17.8983-8993.2004","article-title":"Phospholipid Scramblase 1 Potentiates the Antiviral Activity of Interferon","volume":"78","author":"Dong","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2012.45","article-title":"Phospholipid Scramblase 1 Regulates Toll-Like Receptor 9-Mediated Type I Interferon Production in Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells","volume":"22","author":"Talukder","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2012.06.019","article-title":"Human Phospholipid Scramblase 1 Interacts with and Regulates Transactivation of Htlv-1 Tax","volume":"432","author":"Kusano","year":"2012","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-8-380","article-title":"Proteome Analysis of Vaccinia Virus IHD-W-Infected HEK 293 Cells with 2-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis and MALDI-PSD-TOF MS of on Solid Phase Support N-Terminally Sulfonated Peptides","volume":"8","author":"Bartel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Virol. J."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e24757","DOI":"10.5812\/jjm.24757v2","article-title":"Analysis of Subcellular Prefoldin 1 Redistribution during Rabies Virus Infection","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Jundishapur J. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2006.07.062","article-title":"Interaction of Hepatitis C Virus F Protein with Prefoldin 2 Perturbs Tubulin Cytoskeleton Organization","volume":"348","author":"Tsao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9231","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.23.9231","article-title":"Two Distinct Signal Transmission Pathways in T Lymphocytes Are Inhibited by Complexes Formed between an Immunophilin and Either Fk506 or Rapamycin","volume":"87","author":"Bierer","year":"1990","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(91)90124-H","article-title":"Calcineurin Is a Common Target of Cyclophilin-Cyclosporin a and FKBP-FK506 Complexes","volume":"66","author":"Liu","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akiyama, T., Shiraishi, T., Qin, J., Konno, H., Akiyama, N., Shinzawa, M., Miyauchi, M., Takizawa, N., Yanai, H., and Ohashi, H. (2014). Mitochondria-Nucleus Shuttling FK506-Binding Protein 51 Interacts with Traf Proteins and Facilitates the RIG-I-Like Receptor-Mediated Expression of Type I IFN. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0095992"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.05.030","article-title":"Structure of Coatomer Cage Proteins and the Relationship among COPI, COPII, and Clathrin Vesicle Coats","volume":"142","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00577-06","article-title":"Involvement of Specific Copi Subunits in Protein Sorting from the Late Endosome to the Vacuole in Yeast","volume":"27","author":"Gabriely","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200810098","article-title":"Early Endosomes and Endosomal Coatomer Are Required for Autophagy","volume":"185","author":"Razi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1038\/msb.2011.7","article-title":"RNAi Screen of Salmonella Invasion Shows Role of COPI in Membrane Targeting of Cholesterol and Cdc42","volume":"7","author":"Misselwitz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Syst. Biol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cherry, S., Kunte, A., Wang, H., Coyne, C., Rawson, R.B., and Perrimon, N. (2006). COPI Activity Coupled with Fatty Acid Biosynthesis Is Required for Viral Replication. PLoS Pathog., 2.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0020102"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0811631106","article-title":"A Role for the Host Coatomer and Kdel Receptor in Early Vaccinia Biogenesis","volume":"106","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08699","article-title":"Human Host Factors Required for Influenza Virus Replication","volume":"463","author":"Stertz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8318","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01029-15","article-title":"A Kinome-Wide Small Interfering RNA Screen Identifies Proviral and Antiviral Host Factors in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Replication, Including Double-Stranded RNA-Activated Protein Kinase and Early Secretory Pathway Proteins","volume":"89","author":"Wannee","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6157","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.13.6157","article-title":"Activation of Mammalian Retinoid X Receptors by the Insect Growth Regulator Methoprene","volume":"92","author":"Harmon","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_74","first-page":"279","article-title":"Regulation of Antiviral Innate Immune Signaling by Stress-Induced RNA Granules","volume":"159","author":"Yoneyama","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200308093","article-title":"Myosin V Motor Proteins: Marching Stepwise towards a Mechanism","volume":"163","author":"Vale","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6660","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms7660","article-title":"HIV-1 Capsids Bind and Exploit the Kinesin-1 Adaptor Fez1 for Inward Movement to the Nucleus","volume":"6","author":"Malikov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2015.04.027","article-title":"Host Interactions of Chandipura Virus Matrix Protein","volume":"149","author":"Rajasekharan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3480","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02912-15","article-title":"Trichoplusia ni Kinesin-1 Associates with Autographa Californica Multiple Nucleopolyhedrovirus Nucleocapsid Proteins and Is Required for Production of Budded Virus","volume":"90","author":"Biswas","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2102","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.03041-15","article-title":"The Basic Domain of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 pUS9 Recruits Kinesin-1 to Facilitate Egress from Neurons","volume":"90","author":"Diefenbach","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2963","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20071132","article-title":"A Protein Associated with Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) 4 (PRAT4A) Is Required for TLR-Dependent Immune Responses","volume":"204","author":"Takahashi","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3806","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00178-16","article-title":"The Barrier to Autointegration Factor: Interlocking Antiviral Defense with Genome Maintenance","volume":"90","author":"Wiebe","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4781(94)00202-E","article-title":"Cloning and Expression of the Gene of Hemocytin, an Insect Humoral Lectin Which Is Homologous with the Mammalian Von Willebrand Factor","volume":"1260","author":"Kotani","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-305X(99)00011-7","article-title":"Immune Proteins and Their Gene Expression in the Silkworm, Bombyx Mori","volume":"23","author":"Yamakawa","year":"1999","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gonzalez-Dosal, R., Horan, K.A., Rahbek, S.H., Ichijo, H., Chen, Z.J., Mieyal, J.J., Hartmann, R., and Paludan, S.R. (2011). Hsv Infection Induces Production of Ros, Which Potentiate Signaling from Pattern Recognition Receptors: Role for S-Glutathionylation of TRAF3 and 6. PLoS Pathog., 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002250"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2013.11.023","article-title":"Reactive Oxygen Species Activate NF-\u03baB (P65) and P53 and Induce Apoptosis in RVFV Infected Liver Cells","volume":"449","author":"Narayanan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2012.11.016","article-title":"The NRF2 Cell Defence Pathway: KEAP1-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms of Regulation","volume":"85","author":"Bryan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2014.08.014","article-title":"A Review on Lecithin: Cholesterol Acyltransferase Deficiency","volume":"48","author":"Saeedi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.00977","article-title":"Establishment and Application of a High Throughput Screening System Targeting the Interaction between HCV Internal Ribosome Entry Site and Human Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 3","volume":"8","author":"Zhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1080\/02648725.2015.1080064","article-title":"Exploring the Roles of Basal Transcription Factor 3 in Eukaryotic Growth and Development","volume":"31","author":"Jamil","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Genet. Eng. Rev."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbapap.2014.06.003","article-title":"Structure and Functioning Mechanism of Transketolase","volume":"1844","author":"Kochetov","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4396","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.12392","article-title":"Control of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Membrane Trafficking: Not Just from the Endoplasmic Reticulum to the Golgi","volume":"280","author":"Farinha","year":"2013","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thio, C.L.P., Yusof, R., Ashrafzadeh, A., Bahari, S., Abdul-Rahman, P.S., and Karsani, S.A. (2015). Differential Analysis of the Secretome of WRL68 Cells Infected with the Chikungunya Virus. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0129033"}],"container-title":["Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/10\/1\/43\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T14:51:41Z","timestamp":1760194301000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/10\/1\/43"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,18]]},"references-count":92,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]}},"alternative-id":["v10010043"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v10010043","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4915"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1999-4915"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,18]]}}}