{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T02:58:19Z","timestamp":1791946699012,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,27]],"date-time":"2018-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530057600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A new variant of the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is an emerging swine disease, killing considerable numbers of neonatal piglets in North America and Asia in recent years. To generate immunogens mimicking the complex spike (S) protein folding with proper posttranslational modification to mount a robust immune response against the highly virulent PEDV, two baculoviruses displaying the full-length S protein (S-Bac) and the S1 protein (S1-Bac) of the virulent Taiwan genotype 2b (G2b) PEDV Pintung 52 (PEDV-PT) strain were constructed. Intramuscular immunizations of mice and piglets with the S-Bac and S1-Bac demonstrated significantly higher levels of systemic anti-PEDV S-specific IgG, as compared with control group. Our results also showed that piglets in the S-Bac group elicited superior PEDV-specific neutralizing antibodies than those of the S1-Bac and control groups. The highly virulent PEDV-PT strain challenge experiment showed that piglets immunized with S-Bac and S1-Bac showed milder clinical symptoms with significantly less fecal viral shedding as compared with non-immunized control piglets. More importantly, piglets immunized with the S-Bac exhibited no to mild clinical signs, with a delayed, minimal viral shedding. Our results demonstrated that the S-Bac could serve as a safe, easy to manipulate, and effective vaccine candidate against the PEDV infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v10070346","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,27]],"date-time":"2018-06-27T11:02:05Z","timestamp":1530097325000},"page":"346","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Display of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Spike Protein on Baculovirus to Improve Immunogenicity and Protective Efficacy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Chia-Yu","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-Ting","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Chan","family":"Chao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8877-1886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hui-Wen","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/s11262-012-0713-1","article-title":"Porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus: A comprehensive review of molecular epidemiology, diagnosis, and vaccines","volume":"44","author":"Song","year":"2012","journal-title":"Virus Genes"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01317606","article-title":"A new coronavirus-like particle associated with diarrhea in swine","volume":"58","author":"Pensaert","year":"1978","journal-title":"Arch. 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