{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T10:29:36Z","timestamp":1792664976793,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,20]],"date-time":"2018-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1534723200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 AI050409"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 AI050409"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21 AI101775"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21 AI101775"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 GM114561"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 GM114561"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AI087798"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AI087798"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U19 AI095227"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U19 AI095227"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AI111820"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AI111820"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K24 AI77930"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K24 AI77930"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 AI074492"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 AI074492"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K12 HD072245"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K12 HD072245"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 GM008367"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 GM008367"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["0923395"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0923395"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract disease in young children. With repeat infections throughout life, it can also cause substantial disease in the elderly and in adults with compromised cardiac, pulmonary and immune systems. RSV is a pleomorphic enveloped RNA virus in the Pneumoviridae family. Recently, the three-dimensional (3D) structure of purified RSV particles has been elucidated, revealing three distinct morphological categories: spherical, asymmetric, and filamentous. However, the native 3D structure of RSV particles associated with or released from infected cells has yet to be investigated. In this study, we have established an optimized system for studying RSV structure by imaging RSV-infected cells on transmission electron microscopy (TEM) grids by cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET). Our results demonstrate that RSV is filamentous across several virus strains and cell lines by cryo-ET, cryo-immuno EM, and thin section TEM techniques. The viral filament length varies from 0.5 to 12 \u03bcm and the average filament diameter is approximately 130 nm. Taking advantage of the whole cell tomography technique, we have resolved various stages of RSV assembly. Collectively, our results can facilitate the understanding of viral morphogenesis in RSV and other pleomorphic enveloped viruses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v10080446","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,20]],"date-time":"2018-08-20T11:23:06Z","timestamp":1534764186000},"page":"446","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":110,"title":["The Morphology and Assembly of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Revealed by Cryo-Electron Tomography"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8408-850X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zunlong","family":"Ke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Children\u2019s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"},{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca S.","family":"Dillard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Children\u2019s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatiana","family":"Chirkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Children\u2019s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fredrick","family":"Leon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Children\u2019s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1729-9769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher C.","family":"Stobart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Children\u2019s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0069-8712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheri M.","family":"Hampton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Children\u2019s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua D.","family":"Strauss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Children\u2019s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Devi","family":"Rajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Children\u2019s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina A.","family":"Rostad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Children\u2019s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeannette V.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robert P. Apkarian Integrated Electron Microscopy Core, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robert P. Apkarian Integrated Electron Microscopy Core, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raven","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Children\u2019s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengtian","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Children\u2019s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tina V.","family":"Hartert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"R. Stokes","family":"Peebles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barney S.","family":"Graham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin L.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Children\u2019s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larry J.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Children\u2019s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0712-9475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth R.","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Children\u2019s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"},{"name":"Robert P. Apkarian Integrated Electron Microscopy Core, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1449","article-title":"Paramyxoviridae: The viruses and their replication","volume":"Volume 1","author":"Knipe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fields Virology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60206-1","article-title":"Global burden of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in young children: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"375","author":"Nair","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30938-8","article-title":"Global, regional, and national disease burden estimates of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in young children in 2015: A systematic review and modelling study","volume":"390","author":"Shi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"B209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.11.106","article-title":"Strategic priorities for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine development","volume":"31","author":"Anderson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00010-16","article-title":"Respiratory syncytial virus: Infection, detection, and new options for prevention and treatment","volume":"30","author":"Griffiths","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. 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