{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T12:29:22Z","timestamp":1761395362490,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,12]],"date-time":"2018-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541980800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004586","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["E-26\/110.843\/2013","E-26\/202.003\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-26\/110.843\/2013","E-26\/202.003\/2016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004586","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["30382202015-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["30382202015-5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004809","name":"Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["04.16.0058.00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["04.16.0058.00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Currently, Brazil lives a triple arboviruses epidemic (DENV, ZIKV and CHIKV) making the differential diagnosis difficult for health professionals. Here, we aimed to investigate chikungunya cases and the possible occurrence of co-infections during the epidemic in Amap\u00e1 (AP) that started in 2014 when the first autochthonous cases were reported and in Rio de Janeiro (RJ) in 2016. We further performed molecular characterization and genotyping of representative strains. In AP, 51.4% of the suspected cases were confirmed for CHIKV, 71.0% (76\/107). Of those, 24 co-infections by CHIKV\/DENV, two by CHIKV\/DENV-1, and two by CHIKV\/DENV-4 were observed. In RJ, 76.9% of the suspected cases were confirmed for CHIKV and co-infections by CHIKV\/DENV (n = 8) and by CHIKV\/ZIKV (n = 17) were observed. Overall, fever, arthralgia, myalgia, prostration, edema, exanthema, conjunctival hyperemia, lower back pain, dizziness, nausea, retroorbital pain, and anorexia were the predominating chikungunya clinical symptoms described. All strains analyzed from AP belonged to the Asian genotype and no amino acid changes were observed. In RJ, the East-Central-South-African genotype (ECSA) circulation was demonstrated and no E1-A226V mutation was observed. Despite this, an E1-V156A substitution was characterized in two samples and for the first time, the E1-K211T mutation was reported in all samples analyzed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v10110623","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,14]],"date-time":"2018-11-14T10:58:22Z","timestamp":1542193102000},"page":"623","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Following in the Footsteps of the Chikungunya Virus in Brazil: The First Autochthonous Cases in Amap\u00e1 in 2014 and Its Emergence in Rio de Janeiro during 2016"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Thiara Manuele Alves","family":"De Souza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Immunology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edcelha D\u2019Athaide","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Central \/Amapa (LACEN\/AP), 68908-530 Macapa, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valmir Corr\u00eaa e","family":"Corr\u00eaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Fronteira (LAFRON), Oiapoque, 69980-000 Amapa, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paulo Vieira","family":"Damasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rio-Laranjeiras Hospital, 22240-000 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"},{"name":"Gaffr\u00e9e Guinle University Hospital, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, 20270-003 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"},{"name":"Pedro Ernesto University Hospital, University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, 20551-030 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carla Cunha","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rio-Laranjeiras Hospital, 22240-000 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernanda","family":"De Bruycker-Nogueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Immunology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tha\u00eds","family":"Chouin-Carneiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Immunology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nieli Rodrigues da Costa","family":"Faria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Immunology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4841-9308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Priscila Conrado Guerra","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Immunology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manoela","family":"Heringer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Immunology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9630-8736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monique da Rocha Queiroz","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Immunology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9ssica","family":"Badolato-Corr\u00eaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Immunology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1rcio da Costa","family":"Cipitelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Immunology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elzinandes Leal de","family":"Azeredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Immunology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rita Maria Ribeiro","family":"Nogueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flavivirus Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1309-5366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Flavia Barreto","family":"Dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Immunology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2015.06.009","article-title":"Cellular and molecular mechanisms of chikungunya pathogenesis","volume":"120","author":"Lum","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antiviral Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2009.07.024","article-title":"Replication cycle of chikungunya: A re-emerging 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