{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T06:25:11Z","timestamp":1792650311268,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":136,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,11]],"date-time":"2018-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1544486400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-AI116851"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-AI116851"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30-GM110703"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30-GM110703"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The past few years have brought substantial progress toward understanding how human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) enters the remarkably wide spectrum of cell types and tissues that it infects. Neuropilin-2 and platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFR\u03b1) were identified as receptors, respectively, for the trimeric and pentameric glycoprotein H\/glycoprotein L (gH\/gL) complexes that in large part govern HCMV cell tropism, while CD90 and CD147 were also found to play roles during entry. X-ray crystal structures for the proximal viral fusogen, glycoprotein B (gB), and for the pentameric gH\/gL complex (pentamer) have been solved. A novel virion gH complex consisting of gH bound to UL116 instead of gL was described, and findings supporting the existence of a stable complex between gH\/gL and gB were reported. Additional work indicates that the pentamer promotes a mode of cell-associated spread that resists antibody neutralization, as opposed to the trimeric gH\/gL complex (trimer), which appears to be broadly required for the infectivity of cell-free virions. Finally, viral factors such as UL148 and US16 were identified that can influence the incorporation of the alternative gH\/gL complexes into virions. We will review these advances and their implications for understanding HCMV entry and cell tropism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v10120704","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,12]],"date-time":"2018-12-12T03:27:49Z","timestamp":1544585269000},"page":"704","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":112,"title":["Pathogen at the Gates: Human Cytomegalovirus Entry and Cell Tropism"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3013-802X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher C.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8422-7656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeremy P.","family":"Kamil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI45449","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus: Pathogen, paradigm, and puzzle","volume":"121","author":"Boeckh","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. 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