{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T09:14:31Z","timestamp":1781774071819,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,16]],"date-time":"2018-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1544918400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"BMBF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["grant numbers DZIF TTU 01.802 and RAPID 01KI1723C."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant numbers DZIF TTU 01.802 and RAPID 01KI1723C."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), a novel infectious agent causing severe respiratory disease and death in humans, was first described in 2012. Antibodies directed against the MERS-CoV spike (S) protein are thought to play a major role in controlling MERS-CoV infection and in mediating vaccine-induced protective immunity. In contrast, relatively little is known about the role of T cell responses and the antigenic targets of MERS-CoV that are recognized by CD8+ T cells. In this study, the highly conserved MERS-CoV nucleocapsid (N) protein served as a target immunogen to elicit MERS-CoV-specific cellular immune responses. Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA), a safety-tested strain of vaccinia virus for preclinical and clinical vaccine research, was used for generating MVA-MERS-N expressing recombinant N protein. Overlapping peptides spanning the whole MERS-CoV N polypeptide were used to identify major histocompatibility complex class I\/II-restricted T cell responses in BALB\/c mice immunized with MVA-MERS-N. We have identified a H2-d restricted decamer peptide epitope in the MERS-N protein with CD8+ T cell antigenicity. The identification of this epitope, and the availability of the MVA-MERS-N candidate vaccine, will help to evaluate MERS-N-specific immune responses and the potential immune correlates of vaccine-mediated protection in the appropriate murine models of MERS-CoV infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v10120718","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,18]],"date-time":"2018-12-18T02:15:59Z","timestamp":1545099359000},"page":"718","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["CD8+ T Cells Responding to the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Protein Delivered by Vaccinia Virus MVA in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Svenja","family":"Veit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvia","family":"Jany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Fux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6143-082X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerd","family":"Sutter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asisa","family":"Volz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1814","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1211721","article-title":"Isolation of a novel coronavirus from a man with pneumonia in Saudi Arabia","volume":"367","author":"Zaki","year":"2012","journal-title":"N. 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