{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T23:54:29Z","timestamp":1790985269035,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":120,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,8]],"date-time":"2009-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1252368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The precise role of adaptive immune responses in the clinical outcome of HCV infection is still only partially defined. Recent studies suggest that viral-host cell interactions during the acute phase of infection are essential for viral clearance or progression into chronic HCV infection. This review focuses on different aspects of the adaptive immune responses as determinants of the different outcomes of HCV infection, clearance or persistent infection, and outlines current concepts of HCV evasion strategies. Unravelling these important mechanisms of virus-host interaction will contribute to the development of novel strategies to prevent and control HCV infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v1020276","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,8]],"date-time":"2009-09-08T15:41:38Z","timestamp":1252424498000},"page":"276-297","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Adaptive Immunity to Hepatitis C Virus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Mirjam B.","family":"Zeisel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Inserm, U748, 3 rue Koeberl\u00e9, F-67000 Strasbourg, France"},{"name":"Institut de Virologie, Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg, 3 rue Koeberl\u00e9, F-67000 Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samira","family":"Fafi-Kremer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inserm, U748, 3 rue Koeberl\u00e9, F-67000 Strasbourg, France"},{"name":"Institut de Virologie, Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg, 3 rue Koeberl\u00e9, F-67000 Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Robinet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inserm, U748, 3 rue Koeberl\u00e9, F-67000 Strasbourg, France"},{"name":"Institut de Virologie, Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg, 3 rue Koeberl\u00e9, F-67000 Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Habersetzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inserm, U748, 3 rue Koeberl\u00e9, F-67000 Strasbourg, France"},{"name":"P\u00f4le H\u00e9pato-Digestif, Nouvel H\u00f4pital Civil, H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1 Place de l\u2019H\u00f4pital, F-67000 Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas f.","family":"Baumert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inserm, U748, 3 rue Koeberl\u00e9, F-67000 Strasbourg, France"},{"name":"Institut de Virologie, Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg, 3 rue Koeberl\u00e9, F-67000 Strasbourg, France"},{"name":"P\u00f4le H\u00e9pato-Digestif, Nouvel H\u00f4pital Civil, H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1 Place de l\u2019H\u00f4pital, F-67000 Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7oise","family":"Stoll-Keller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inserm, U748, 3 rue Koeberl\u00e9, F-67000 Strasbourg, France"},{"name":"Institut de Virologie, Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg, 3 rue Koeberl\u00e9, F-67000 Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(05)70216-4","article-title":"Global epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"5","author":"Shepard","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet. 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