{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T00:13:43Z","timestamp":1793060023539,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,20]],"date-time":"2018-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1545264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the causative agent of acute hepatitis E in humans in developing countries, but autochthonous cases of zoonotic genotype 3 (HEV-3) infection also occur in industrialized countries. In contrast to swine, rats, and rabbits, natural HEV infections in mice have not yet been demonstrated. The pig represents a well-established large animal model for HEV-3 infection, but a suitable small animal model mimicking natural HEV-3 infection is currently missing. Therefore, we experimentally inoculated C57BL\/6 mice (wild-type, IFNAR\u2212\/\u2212, CD4\u2212\/\u2212, CD8\u2212\/\u2212) and BALB\/c nude (nu\/nu) mice, Wistar rats, and European rabbits with a wild boar-derived HEV-3 strain and monitored virus replication and shedding, as well as humoral immune responses. HEV RNA and anti-HEV antibodies were detected in one and two out of eight of the rats and all rabbits inoculated, respectively, but not in any of the mouse strains tested. Remarkably, immunosuppressive dexamethasone treatment of rats did not enhance their susceptibility to HEV infection. In rabbits, immunization with recombinant HEV-3 and ratHEV capsid proteins induced protection against HEV-3 challenge. In conclusion, the rabbit model for HEV-3 infection may serve as a suitable alternative to the non-human primate and swine models, and as an appropriate basis for vaccine evaluation studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v11010001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,20]],"date-time":"2018-12-20T12:54:36Z","timestamp":1545310476000},"page":"1","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Different Outcomes of Experimental Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Diverse Mouse Strains, Wistar Rats, and Rabbits"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Josephine","family":"Schlosser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"D\u00e4hnert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Dremsek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerstin","family":"Tauscher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, S\u00fcdufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Fast","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ute","family":"Ziegler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albrecht","family":"Gr\u00f6ner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PathoGuard Consult, 64342 Seeheim-Jugenheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5620-1528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rainer G","family":"Ulrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hamburg-L\u00fcbeck-Borstel, 17493 GreifswaldInsel Riems, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0215-185X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin H","family":"Groschup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hamburg-L\u00fcbeck-Borstel, 17493 GreifswaldInsel Riems, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1197-8288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Eiden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4232","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02804-15","article-title":"Distinct Entry Mechanisms for Non enveloped and Quasi-Enveloped Hepatitis E Viruses","volume":"28","author":"Yin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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