{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T10:17:46Z","timestamp":1772619466570,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,3]],"date-time":"2019-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549152000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AI65276"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AI65276"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1 RR029890"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1 RR029890"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AI30904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AI30904"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TL1 TR00066"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TL1 TR00066"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Miscellaneous Donors Account","award":["00126601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["00126601"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>For the development of an effective HIV-1 vaccine, evolutionarily conserved epitopes between feline and human immunodeficiency viruses (FIV and HIV-1) were determined by analyzing overlapping peptides from retroviral genomes that induced both anti-FIV\/HIV T cell-immunity in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the FIV-vaccinated cats and the HIV-infected humans. The conserved T-cell epitopes on p24 and reverse transcriptase were selected based on their robust FIV\/HIV-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL), CD4+ CTL, and polyfunctional T-cell activities. Four such evolutionarily conserved epitopes were formulated into four multiple antigen peptides (MAPs), mixed with an adjuvant, to be tested as FIV vaccine in cats. The immunogenicity and protective efficacy were evaluated against a pathogenic FIV. More MAP\/peptide-specific CD4+ than CD8+ T-cell responses were initially observed. By post-third vaccination, half of the MAP\/peptide-specific CD8+ T-cell responses were higher or equivalent to those of CD4+ T-cell responses. Upon challenge, 15\/19 (78.9%) vaccinated cats were protected, whereas 6\/16 (37.5%) control cats remained uninfected, resulting in a protection rate of 66.3% preventable fraction (p = 0.0180). Thus, the selection method used to identify the protective FIV peptides should be useful in identifying protective HIV-1 peptides needed for a highly protective HIV-1 vaccine in humans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v11020136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,5]],"date-time":"2019-02-05T11:31:07Z","timestamp":1549366267000},"page":"136","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Immunogenicity and Efficacy of a Novel Multi-Antigenic Peptide Vaccine Based on Cross-Reactivity between Feline and Human Immunodeficiency Viruses"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0905-733X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bikash","family":"Sahay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 110880, Gainesville, FL 32611-0880, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alek M.","family":"Aranyos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 110880, Gainesville, FL 32611-0880, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meerambika","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 110880, Gainesville, FL 32611-0880, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew C.","family":"McAvoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 110880, Gainesville, FL 32611-0880, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcus M.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biovalion: Clinical Research, 7951 Ponds Edge Ln, Zephyrhills, FL 33540-1973, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Riuyu","family":"Pu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 110880, Gainesville, FL 32611-0880, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sayaka","family":"Shiomitsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 110880, Gainesville, FL 32611-0880, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keijiro","family":"Shiomitsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100116, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Dark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative, Diagnostic &amp; Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100123, Gainesville, FL 32610-0123, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Missa P.","family":"Sanou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Merck &amp; Co., 770 Sumneytown Pike, North Wales, PA 19486, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shannon R.","family":"Roff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charles River Laboratories Inc., 15 Worman\u2019s Mill Court, Suite I, Frederick, MD 21701, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7416-9755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mobeen H.","family":"Rathore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Education, and Service (UF CARES), University of Florida Center for HIV\/AIDS Research, Jacksonville, FL 32209-6810, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janet K.","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 110880, Gainesville, FL 32611-0880, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1080\/14712598.2017.1282457","article-title":"Current views on the potential for development of a HIV vaccine","volume":"17","author":"Cohen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Biol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0000000000000444","article-title":"Therapeutic HIV-1 vaccine: Time for immunomodulation and combinatorial strategies. Curr","volume":"13","author":"Seddiki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Opin. 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