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It is maintained in nature through both urban and sylvatic cycles, involving mosquito vectors and human or vertebrate animal hosts. Although CHIKV was first isolated in 1953, its pathogenesis was only more extensively studied after its re-emergence in 2004. The unexpected spread of CHIKV to novel tropical and non-tropical areas, in some instances driven by newly competent vectors, evidenced the vulnerability of new territories to this infectious agent and its associated diseases. The comprehension of the exact CHIKV target cells and organs, mechanisms of pathogenesis, and spectrum of both competitive vectors and animal hosts is pivotal for the design of effective therapeutic strategies, vector control measures, and eradication actions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v11020175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,20]],"date-time":"2019-02-20T11:45:39Z","timestamp":1550663139000},"page":"175","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":118,"title":["Tropism of the Chikungunya Virus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2948-4243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Matusali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Infectious Diseases \u201cLazzaro Spallanzani\u201d IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0640-8667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Colavita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Infectious Diseases \u201cLazzaro Spallanzani\u201d IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Licia","family":"Bordi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Infectious Diseases \u201cLazzaro Spallanzani\u201d IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Lalle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Infectious Diseases \u201cLazzaro Spallanzani\u201d IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1076-2979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Ippolito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Infectious Diseases \u201cLazzaro Spallanzani\u201d IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria R.","family":"Capobianchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Infectious Diseases \u201cLazzaro Spallanzani\u201d IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9819-236X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Concetta","family":"Castilletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Infectious Diseases \u201cLazzaro Spallanzani\u201d IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022172400044442","article-title":"The Newala epidemic. 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