{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T06:30:37Z","timestamp":1788849037375,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,4]],"date-time":"2019-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551657600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2016YFD0500406"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFD0500406"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31602071"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31602071"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31330078"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31330078"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31720103917"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31720103917"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Previous studies have shown that wild-type (wt) rabies virus (RABV) evades the host immune response by restricting expression of glycoprotein (G), which blocks activation of dendritic cells (DCs) and induces production of virus-neutralizing antibodies (VNAs). In the present study, wt RABVs not only restricted G expression but also reduced incorporation of G into mature virions compared with laboratory-adapted viruses. A recombinant RABV expressing triple G was used to further determine whether G expression relates to incorporation. The recombinant virus showed higher expression and incorporation of G and activated more DCs than the virus that expressed a single copy of G. Removal of G from viruses using subtilisin or Dithiothreitol (DTT)\/ Nonidet P-40 (NP40) almost completely abolishes DC activation and VNA production. Consequently, these G-depleted viruses cause lethal infection in mice. Thus, wt RABVs can subvert DC-induced antiviral immune response and maintain pathogenicity by decreasing G expression in infected cells and G incorporation into virions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v11030218","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,5]],"date-time":"2019-03-05T03:01:23Z","timestamp":1551754883000},"page":"218","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Deficient Incorporation of Rabies Virus Glycoprotein into Virions Enhances Virus-Induced Immune Evasion and Viral Pathogenicity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Chunfu","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4184-896X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongliang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongjun","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangpeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen F.","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA"},{"name":"The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA"},{"name":"The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5645","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02655-12","article-title":"Human microRNA hsa-miR-296-5p suppresses enterovirus 71 replication by targeting the viral genome","volume":"87","author":"Zheng","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. 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