{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T23:51:28Z","timestamp":1789429888764,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,13]],"date-time":"2019-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2017YFD0500703"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFD0500703"]}]},{"name":"China Agriculture Research System (CARS-40) National System for Layer Production Technology","award":["CARS-40-K14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-40-K14"]}]},{"name":"Project for science and technology support program of Sichuan province","award":["2018NZ0009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018NZ0009"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) are two poultry pathogens seriously affecting the poultry industry. Here, IBV S1 and the ectodomain of NDV F proteins were separately linked with the trans-membrane and carboxy-terminal domain of IBV S protein (STMCT), composing rS and rF; thus, a novel chimeric infectious bronchitis-Newcastle disease (IB-ND) virus-like particles (VLPs) vaccine containing the rS, rF, and IBV M protein was constructed. Under the transmission electron microscope (TEM), VLPs possessing similar morphology to natural IBV were observed. To evaluate the immunogenicity of chimeric IB-ND VLPs, specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens were immunized with three increasing doses (50, 75, and 100 \u03bcg protein of VLPs). Results of ELISAs detecting IBV and NDV specific antibodies and IL-4 and IFN-\u03b3 T cell cytokines indicated that vaccination with chimeric IB-ND VLPs could efficiently induce humoral and cellular immune responses. In the challenge study, chimeric IB-ND VLPs (100 \u03bcg protein) provided 100% protection against IBV or NDV virulent challenge from death, and viral RNA levels in tissues and swabs were greatly reduced. Collectively, chimeric IB-ND VLPs are highly immunogenic and could provide complete protection from an IBV or NDV virulent challenge. Chimeric IB-ND VLPs are an appealing vaccine candidate and a promising vaccine platform bearing multivalent antigens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v11030254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,14]],"date-time":"2019-03-14T04:15:29Z","timestamp":1552536929000},"page":"254","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Construction and Immunogenicity of Novel Chimeric Virus-Like Particles Bearing Antigens of Infectious Bronchitis Virus and Newcastle Disease Virus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Xuan","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, \u201c985 Project\u201d Science Innovative Platform for Resource and Environment Protection of Southwestern, Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, 29# Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610065, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiwen","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, \u201c985 Project\u201d Science Innovative Platform for Resource and Environment Protection of Southwestern, Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, 29# Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610065, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, \u201c985 Project\u201d Science Innovative Platform for Resource and Environment Protection of Southwestern, Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, 29# Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610065, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Zuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, \u201c985 Project\u201d Science Innovative Platform for Resource and Environment Protection of Southwestern, Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, 29# Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610065, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, \u201c985 Project\u201d Science Innovative Platform for Resource and Environment Protection of Southwestern, Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, 29# Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610065, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueran","family":"Mei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, \u201c985 Project\u201d Science Innovative Platform for Resource and Environment Protection of Southwestern, Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, 29# Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610065, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, \u201c985 Project\u201d Science Innovative Platform for Resource and Environment Protection of Southwestern, Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, 29# Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610065, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuangzhuang","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, \u201c985 Project\u201d Science Innovative Platform for Resource and Environment Protection of Southwestern, Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, 29# Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610065, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Long","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, \u201c985 Project\u201d Science Innovative Platform for Resource and Environment Protection of Southwestern, Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, 29# Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610065, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongning","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, \u201c985 Project\u201d Science Innovative Platform for Resource and Environment Protection of Southwestern, Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, 29# Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610065, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2006055","article-title":"Coronavirus avian infectious bronchitis virus","volume":"38","author":"Cavanagh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet. 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