{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T23:31:44Z","timestamp":1772839904939,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,14]],"date-time":"2019-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Serotype 4 fowl adenovirus (FAdV-4) is the main pathogen for hydropericardium syndrome (HPS) in chickens. It has caused major economic losses in the global poultry industry. Currently, FAdV-4\u2032s transmission routes in chickens remain unclear. Here we investigate the airborne transmission routes of FAdV-4 in chickens. A total of 45 ten-day-old chickens were equally divided into three groups (infected group\/isolator A, airborne group\/isolator B, and control group\/isolator C). Of note, isolators A and B were connected by a leak-free pipe. The results showed that the virus could form a viral aerosol, detected in isolators two days post infection (dpi). The viral aerosol reached a peak at 4 dpi in the infected group. Healthy chickens in the airborne group were infected by the virus at 8 dpi. The chickens of the airborne group demonstrated subclinical symptoms capable of shedding the virus for some time. This finding suggests that FAdV-4 can be efficiently transmitted among chickens by aerosol transmission. These findings have significant implications for developing strategies to control this infectious disease epidemic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v11030262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,15]],"date-time":"2019-03-15T04:12:09Z","timestamp":1552623129000},"page":"262","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Airborne Transmission of a Serotype 4 Fowl Adenovirus in Chickens"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Gang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai\u2019an 271018, Shandong, China"},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai\u2019an 271018, Shandong, China"},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai\u2019an 271018, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2928-0299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guanliu","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai\u2019an 271018, Shandong, China"},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai\u2019an 271018, Shandong, China"},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai\u2019an 271018, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yujuan","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai\u2019an 271018, Shandong, China"},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai\u2019an 271018, Shandong, China"},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai\u2019an 271018, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yumei","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai\u2019an 271018, Shandong, China"},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai\u2019an 271018, Shandong, China"},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai\u2019an 271018, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sidang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai\u2019an 271018, Shandong, China"},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai\u2019an 271018, Shandong, China"},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai\u2019an 271018, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.030064-0","article-title":"Coding potential and transcript analysis of fowl adenovirus 4: Insight into upstream ORFs as common sequence features in adenoviral transcripts","volume":"92","author":"Griffin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. 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