{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T13:16:25Z","timestamp":1792588585837,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]],"date-time":"2019-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006041","name":"Innovate UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["972216 and 971557"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["972216 and 971557"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006041","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chikungunya fever is a debilitating disease caused by Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) that can result in long-lasting arthralgias. The early diagnosis of CHIKV relies on PCR during the acute infection phase to allow differential diagnosis with other co-circulating arboviruses such as dengue and Zika. Alternatively, serology can support diagnosis and provide epidemiological information on current and past outbreaks. Many commercial serological ELISA assays are based on the inactivated whole CHIKV, but their sensitivity and specificity show great variability. We produced recombinant CHIKV E2 that is suitable for ELISA assays, which was used for the serodiagnosis of CHIKV infections occurring in an arbovirus endemic Mexican region within Michoac\u00e1n state. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2016\u20132017; sera was obtained from 15 healthy donors and 68 patients presenting undifferentiated febrile illness. Serum samples were screened by RT-PCR and by our in-house ELISA assay. Our results indicate that IgM and IgG anti-CHIKV E2 antibodies were detected with our ELISA assay with higher sensitivity than a commercially available CHIKV ELISA kit. Our simple and sensitive ELISA assay for the serodiagnosis of CHIKV infections can be applied to population-based seroprevalence surveys and has potential for monitoring vaccine immunogenicity in CHIKV vaccine clinical trials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v11050407","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,2]],"date-time":"2019-05-02T03:15:22Z","timestamp":1556766922000},"page":"407","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Development of an E2 ELISA Methodology to Assess Chikungunya Seroprevalence in Patients from an Endemic Region of Mexico"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2847-9407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young Chan","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK"},{"name":"Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7932-2341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9sar","family":"L\u00f3pez-Camacho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nallely","family":"Garcia-Larragoiti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Hemostasia y Biolog\u00eda Vascular, Divisi\u00f3n de Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas y Biol\u00f3gicas \u201cDr. Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez\u201d, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicol\u00e1s de Hidalgo, UMSNH, Morelia 58000, Mexico"},{"name":"UMSNH\u2013Oxford University of Oxford Clinical Research Laboratory (UMOCRL), Faculty of Biological and Medical Sciences \u201cDr. Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez\u201d, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicol\u00e1s de Hidalgo, Morelia 58000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Cano-Mendez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Hemostasia y Biolog\u00eda Vascular, Divisi\u00f3n de Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas y Biol\u00f3gicas \u201cDr. Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez\u201d, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicol\u00e1s de Hidalgo, UMSNH, Morelia 58000, Mexico"},{"name":"UMSNH\u2013Oxford University of Oxford Clinical Research Laboratory (UMOCRL), Faculty of Biological and Medical Sciences \u201cDr. Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez\u201d, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicol\u00e1s de Hidalgo, Morelia 58000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karina Guadalupe","family":"Hernandez-Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones M\u00e9dico-Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Regi\u00f3n Veracruz, Veracruz 91700, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos Alonso","family":"Dom\u00ednguez-Alem\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones M\u00e9dico-Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Regi\u00f3n Veracruz, Veracruz 91700, Mexico"},{"name":"Programa de Maestr\u00eda en Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz 91190, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Antonieta Mar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital General de Zona y Medicina Familiar (HGZMF) No. 12, Av. L\u00e1zaro C\u00e1rdenas No. 154 Col. Centro, L\u00e1zaro C\u00e1rdenas 60950, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9ctor","family":"Vivanco-Cid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones M\u00e9dico-Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Regi\u00f3n Veracruz, Veracruz 91700, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha Eva","family":"Viveros-Sandoval","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Hemostasia y Biolog\u00eda Vascular, Divisi\u00f3n de Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas y Biol\u00f3gicas \u201cDr. Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez\u201d, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicol\u00e1s de Hidalgo, UMSNH, Morelia 58000, Mexico"},{"name":"UMSNH\u2013Oxford University of Oxford Clinical Research Laboratory (UMOCRL), Faculty of Biological and Medical Sciences \u201cDr. Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez\u201d, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicol\u00e1s de Hidalgo, Morelia 58000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arturo","family":"Reyes-Sandoval","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"491","article-title":"The alphaviruses: Gene expression, replication, and evolution","volume":"58","author":"Strauss","year":"1994","journal-title":"Microbiol. 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