{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T22:09:36Z","timestamp":1790806176199,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,15]],"date-time":"2019-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1565827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), one of the human pathogens widely epidemic and transmitted among various groups of people in the world, often causes symptoms known as oral herpes or lifelong asymptomatic infection. HSV-1 employs many sophisticated strategies to escape host antiviral immune response based on its multiple coding proteins. However, the functions involved in the immune evasion of miRNAs encoded by HSV-1 during lytic (productive) infection remain poorly studied. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay and bioinformatics revealed that Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD)-box helicase 41 (DDX41), a cytosolic DNA sensor of the DNA-sensing pathway, was a putative direct target gene of HSV-1-encoded miR-H2-3p. The transfection of miR-H2-3p mimics inhibited the expression of DDX41 at the level of mRNA and protein, as well as the expression of interferon beta (IFN-\u03b2) and myxoma resistance protein I (MxI) induced by HSV-1 infection in THP-1 cells, and promoted the viral replication and its gene transcription. However, the transfection of miR-H2-3p inhibitor showed opposite effects. This finding indicated that HSV-1-encoded miR-H2-3p attenuated cytosolic DNA\u2013stimulated antiviral immune response by manipulating host DNA sensor molecular DDX41 to enhance virus replication in cultured cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v11080756","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,15]],"date-time":"2019-08-15T11:11:00Z","timestamp":1565867460000},"page":"756","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1\u2013Encoded miR-H2-3p Manipulates Cytosolic DNA\u2013Stimulated Antiviral Innate Immune Response by Targeting DDX41"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Yongzhong","family":"Duan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Viral Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &amp; Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China"},{"name":"Experimental Center for Medical Research, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jieyuan","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Viral Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &amp; Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengtao","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Viral Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &amp; Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Viral Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &amp; Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Viral Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &amp; Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lichun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Viral Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &amp; Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Viral Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &amp; Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qihan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Viral Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &amp; Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06013","article-title":"Dai (dlm-1\/zbp1) is a cytosolic DNA sensor and an activator of innate immune response","volume":"448","author":"Takaoka","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1932","article-title":"Ifi16 is an innate immune sensor for intracellular DNA","volume":"11","author":"Unterholzner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. 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