{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T21:06:55Z","timestamp":1780520815389,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,25]],"date-time":"2019-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005632","name":"Narodowe Centrum Bada\u0144 i Rozwoju","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PBS1\/B8\/2\/2012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PBS1\/B8\/2\/2012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005632","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Newcastle disease (ND) is responsible for significant economic losses in the poultry industry. The disease is caused by virulent strains of Avian avulavirus 1 (AAvV-1), a species within the family Paramyxoviridae. We developed a recombinant construct based on the herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT) as a vector expressing two genes: F and HN (HVT-NDV-F-HN) derived from the AAvV-1 genotype VI (\u201cpigeon variant\u201d of AAvV-1). This recombinant viral vaccine candidate was used to subcutaneously immunize one group of specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens and two groups of broiler chickens (20 one-day-old birds\/group). Humoral immune response was evaluated by hemagglutination-inhibition test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The efficacy of the immunization was assessed in two separate challenge studies performed at 6 weeks of age with the use of virulent AAvV-1 strains representing heterologous genotypes IV and VII. The developed vaccine candidate elicited complete protection in SPF chickens since none of the birds became sick or died during the 2-week observation period. In the broiler groups, 90% and 100% clinical protection were achieved after challenges with AAvV-1 of IV and VII genotypes, respectively. We found no obvious relationship between antibody levels and protection assessed in broilers in the challenge study. The developed recombinant HVT-NDV-F-HN construct containing genes from a genotype VI AAvV-1 offers promising results as a potential vaccine candidate against ND in chickens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v11090784","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,26]],"date-time":"2019-08-26T04:38:23Z","timestamp":1566794303000},"page":"784","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["A Recombinant Turkey Herpesvirus Expressing F and HN Genes of Avian Avulavirus-1 (AAvV-1) Genotype VI Confers Cross-Protection against Challenge with Virulent AAvV-1 Genotypes IV and VII in Chickens"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7210-2530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krzysztof","family":"\u015amietanka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzant\u00f3w 57, 24-100 Pu\u0142awy, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jolanta","family":"Tyborowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Recombinant Vaccines, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Abrahama Str. 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Olszewska-Tomczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzant\u00f3w 57, 24-100 Pu\u0142awy, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0642-3931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Doma\u0144ska-Blicharz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzant\u00f3w 57, 24-100 Pu\u0142awy, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zenon","family":"Minta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzant\u00f3w 57, 24-100 Pu\u0142awy, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5292-9263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lukasz","family":"Rabalski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Recombinant Vaccines, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Abrahama Str. 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Czarnota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Recombinant Vaccines, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Abrahama Str. 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Kucharczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioVectis Ltd., Pawi\u0144skiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boguslaw","family":"Szewczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Recombinant Vaccines, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Abrahama Str. 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2283","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-018-3814-x","article-title":"Taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales: Update 2018","volume":"163","author":"Amarasinghe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch. 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