{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T15:05:53Z","timestamp":1761663953756,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]],"date-time":"2019-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Malaya High Impact Research (HIR) Grants","award":["UM.C\/625\/1\/HIR\/MOHE\/MED\/25 - E0063","UM.C\/625\/1\/HIR\/MOE\/CHAN\/02\/02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM.C\/625\/1\/HIR\/MOHE\/MED\/25 - E0063","UM.C\/625\/1\/HIR\/MOE\/CHAN\/02\/02"]}]},{"name":"Sunway University Internal Grant","award":["INT-2019-SHMS-DMS-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INT-2019-SHMS-DMS-02"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Coffee is hepatoprotective and potentially antiviral; however, its anti-hepatitis B virus (anti-HBV) property is not known in humans. This study investigated the influence of coffee drinking behaviour as well as clinical and biochemical profiles of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) negative participants on circulating HBV DNA and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) levels at a 24-week interval. Exactly 114 chronically HBV-infected adult participants were enrolled from the University of Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Malaysia. A significant reduction of HBV DNA level was observed in those drinking three or more cups of coffee per day, with a median reduction of 523 IU\/mL (P = 0.003). Reduction of HBsAg level was observed in those drinking two cups per day, with a median reduction of 37 IU\/mL (P &lt; 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that increased coffee intake (P = 0.015) and lower ALT level (P = 0.033) were the significant predictors for a lower HBV DNA level, whereas increased coffee intake (P = 0.002) and having a family history of HBV infection (P = 0.021) were the significant predictors for a lower HBsAg level. These data suggest that drinking three cups or more coffee per day reduces circulating HBV DNA and HBsAg levels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v11090808","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,2]],"date-time":"2019-09-02T03:16:12Z","timestamp":1567394172000},"page":"808","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Increased Coffee Intake Reduces Circulating HBV DNA and HBsAg Levels in HBeAg-Negative Infection: A Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Jack Bee","family":"Chook","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences (DMS), School of Healthcare and Medical Sciences (SHMS), Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yun Fong","family":"Ngeow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Bandar Sungai Long, Selangor 43000, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kok Keng","family":"Tee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jamie Wan Ting","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosmawati","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2007.03546.x","article-title":"Putative hepatoprotective effects of coffee","volume":"27","author":"Mascitelli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aliment. 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Biomarkers Prev."}],"container-title":["Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/11\/9\/808\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:15:51Z","timestamp":1760188551000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/11\/9\/808"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]}},"alternative-id":["v11090808"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v11090808","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4915"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1999-4915"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]]}}}