{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T06:06:24Z","timestamp":1791266784162,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,24]],"date-time":"2019-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs","award":["SV3500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SV3500"]}]},{"name":"Scotish Government","award":["SE0431"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SE0431"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RABYD-VAX grant agreement no. 733176"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RABYD-VAX grant agreement no. 733176"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities","award":["SAF2017-89355-P"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SAF2017-89355-P"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The use of the rabies vaccine for post-exposure prophylaxis started as early as 1885, revealing a safe and efficient tool to prevent human rabies cases. Preventive vaccination is the basis for the control of canine-mediated rabies, which has already been eliminated from extensive parts of the world, including Europe. Plans to eliminate canine-mediated human rabies by 2030 have been agreed upon by international organisations. However, rabies vaccines are not efficacious against some divergent lyssaviruses. The presence in European indigenous bats of recently described lyssaviruses, which are not neutralised by antibody responses to existing vaccines, as well as the declaration of an imported case of an African lyssavirus, which also escapes vaccine-derived protection, leaves the European health authorities unable to provide efficacious protective vaccines to some potential situations of human exposure. All these circumstances highlight the need for a universal pan-lyssavirus rabies vaccine, able to prevent human rabies in all circumstances.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v11100892","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,25]],"date-time":"2019-09-25T03:51:18Z","timestamp":1569383478000},"page":"892","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Current Rabies Vaccines Do Not Confer Protective Immunity against Divergent Lyssaviruses Circulating in Europe"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7522-850X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan E.","family":"Echevarr\u00eda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER de Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley C.","family":"Banyard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK"},{"name":"Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George\u2019s Hospital Medical School, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK"},{"name":"School of Life Sciences, University of West Sussex, Falmer, West Sussex BN1 9QG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorraine M.","family":"McElhinney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6022-348X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anthony R.","family":"Fooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK"},{"name":"Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George\u2019s Hospital Medical School, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK"},{"name":"Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fooks, A.R., Cliquet, F., Finke, S., Freuling, C., Hemachudha, T., Mani, R.S., M\u00fcller, T., Nadin-Davis, S., Picard-Meyer, E., and Wilde, H. (2017). Rabies. Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers, 3.","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.91"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"20171880","article-title":"Rabies elimination research: juxtaposing optimism, pragmatism and realism","volume":"284","author":"Cleaveland","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1071\/MA17006","article-title":"The impact of novel lyssavirus discovery","volume":"38","author":"Banyard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microbiol. Aust."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001068","article-title":"Isolation, antigenicity and immunogenicity of Lleida bat lyssavirus","volume":"99","author":"Banyard","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Gen. 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